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Machine design : an integrated approach / Robert L. Norton, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts

Author
Norton, Robert L.
Published
Boston : Prentice Hall, [2014]
Edition
Fifth edition.
Physical Description
xxviii, 1,060 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 27 cm

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Contents
Machine generated contents note: pt. I Fundamentals -- ch. 1 Introduction To Design -- 1.1.Design -- Machine Design -- Machine -- Iteration -- 1.2.A Design Process -- 1.3.Problem Formulation And Calculation -- Definition Stage -- Preliminary Design Stage -- Detailed Design Stage -- Documentation Stage -- 1.4.The Engineering Model -- Estimation And First-Order Analysis -- The Engineering Sketch -- 1.5.Computer-Aided Design And Engineering -- Computer-Aided Design (Cad) -- Computer-Aided Engineering (Cae) -- Computational Accuracy -- 1.6.The Engineering Report -- 1.7.Factors Of Safety And Design Codes -- Factor Of Safety -- Choosing A Safety Factor -- Design And Safety Codes -- 1.8.Statistical Considerations -- 1.9.Units -- 1.10.Summary -- 1.11.References -- 1.12.Web References -- 1.13.Bibliography -- 1.14.Problems -- ch. 2 Materials And Processes -- 2.0.Introduction -- 2.1.Material-Property Definitions -- The Tensile Test -- Ductility And Brittleness -- The Compression Test -- The Bending Test -- The Torsion Test -- Fatigue Strength And Endurance Limit -- Impact Resistance -- Fracture Toughness -- Creep And Temperature Effects -- 2.2.The Statistical Nature Of Material Properties -- 2.3.Homogeneity And Isotropy -- 2.4.Hardness -- Heat Treatment -- Surface (Case) Hardening -- Heat Treating Nonferrous Materials -- Mechanical Forming And Hardening -- 2.5.Coatings And Surface Treatments -- Galvanic Action -- Electroplating -- Electroless Plating -- Anodizing -- Plasma-Sprayed Coatings -- Chemical Coatings -- 2.6.General Properties Of Metals -- Cast Iron -- Cast Steels -- Wrought Steels -- Steel Numbering Systems -- Aluminum -- Titanium -- Magnesium -- Copper Alloys -- 2.7.General Properties Of Nonmetals -- Polymers -- Ceramics -- Composites -- 2.8.Selecting Materials -- 2.9.Summary -- 2.10.References -- 2.11.Web References -- 2.12.Bibliography -- 2.13.Problems -- ch. 3 Kinematics And Load Determination -- 3.0.Introduction -- 3.1.Degree Of Freedom -- 3.2.Mechanisms -- 3.3.Calculating Degree Of Freedom (Mobility) -- 3.4.Common 1-Dof Mechanisms -- Fourbar Linkage And The Grashof Condition -- Sixbar Linkage -- Cam And Follower -- 3.5.Analyzing Linkage Motion -- Types Of Motion -- Complex Numbers As Vectors -- The Vector Loop Equation -- 3.6.Analyzing The Fourbar Linkage -- Solving For Position In The Fourbar Linkage -- Solving For Velocity In The Fourbar Linkage -- Angular Velocity Ratio And Mechanical Advantage -- Solving For Acceleration In The Fourbar Linkage -- 3.7.Analyzing The Fourbar Crank-Slider -- Solving For Position In The Fourbar Crank-Slider -- Solving For Velocity In The Fourbar Crank-Slider -- Solving For Acceleration In The Fourbar Crank-Slider -- Other Linkages -- 3.8.Cam Design And Analysis -- The Timing Diagram -- The Svaj Diagram -- Polynomials For The Double-Dwell Case -- Polynomials For The Single-Dwell Case -- Pressure Angle -- Radius Of Curvature -- 3.9.Loading Classes For Force Analysis -- 3.10.Free-Body Diagrams -- 3.11.Load Analysis -- Three-Dimensional Analysis -- Two-Dimensional Analysis -- Static Load Analysis -- 3.12.Two-Dimensional, Static Loading Case Studies -- 3.13.Three-Dimensional, Static Loading Case Study -- 3.14.Dynamic Loading Case Study -- 3.15.Vibration Loading -- Natural Frequency -- Dynamic Forces -- 3.16.Impact Loading -- Energy Method -- 3.17.Beam Loading -- Shear And Moment -- Singularity Functions -- Superposition -- 3.18.Summary -- 3.19.References -- 3.20.Web References -- 3.21.Bibliography -- 3.22.Problems -- ch. 4 Stress, Strain, And Deflection -- 4.0.Introduction -- 4.1.Stress -- 4.2.Strain -- 4.3.Principal Stresses -- 4.4.Plane Stress And Plane Strain -- Plane Stress -- Plane Strain -- 4.5.Mohr's Circles -- 4.6.Applied Versus Principal Stresses -- 4.7.Axial Tension -- 4.8.Direct Shear Stress, Bearing Stress, And Tearout -- Direct Shear -- Direct Bearing -- Tearout Failure -- 4.9.Beams And Bending Stresses -- Beams In Pure Bending -- Shear Due To Transverse Loading -- 4.10.Deflection In Beams -- Deflection By Singularity Functions -- Statically Indeterminate Beams -- 4.11.Castigliano's Method -- Deflection By Castigliano's Method -- Finding Redundant Reactions With Castigliano's Method -- 4.12.Torsion -- 4.13.Combined Stresses -- 4.14.Spring Rates -- 4.15.Stress Concentration -- Stress Concentration Under Static Loading -- Stress Concentration Under Dynamic Loading -- Determining Geometric Stress-Concentration Factors -- Designing To Avoid Stress Concentrations -- 4.16.Axial Compression - Columns -- Slenderness Ratio -- Short Columns -- Long Columns -- End Conditions -- Intermediate Columns -- Ecccentric Columns -- 4.17.Stresses In Cylinders -- Thick-Walled Cylinders -- Thin-Walled Cylinders -- 4.18.Case Studies In Static Stress And Deflection Analysis -- 4.19.Summary -- 4.20.References -- 4.21.Bibliography -- 4.22.Problems -- ch. 5 Static Failure Theories -- 5.0.Introduction -- 5.1.Failure Of Ductile Materials Under Static Loading -- The Von Mises-Hencky Or Distortion-Energy Theory -- The Maximum Shear-Stress Theory -- The Maximum Normal-Stress Theory -- Comparison Of Experimental Data With Failure Theories -- 5.2.Failure Of Brittle Materials Under Static Loading -- Even And Uneven Materials -- The Coulomb-Mohr Theory -- The Modified-Mohr Theory -- 5.3.Fracture Mechanics -- Fracture-Mechanics Theory -- Fracture Toughness Kc -- 5.4.Using The Static Loading Failure Theories -- 5.5.Case Studies In Static Failure Analysis -- 5.6.Summary -- 5.7.References -- 5.8.Bibliography -- 5.9.Problems -- ch. 6 Fatigue Failure Theories -- 6.0.Introduction -- History Of Fatigue Failure -- 6.1.Mechanism Of Fatigue Failure -- Crack Initiation Stage -- Crack Propagation Stage -- Fracture -- 6.2.Fatigue-Failure Models -- Fatigue Regimes -- The Stress-Life Approach -- The Strain-Life Approach -- The Lefm Approach -- 6.3.Machine-Design Considerations -- 6.4.Fatigue Loads -- Rotating Machinery Loading -- Service Equipment Loading -- 6.5.Measuring Fatigue Failure Criteria -- Fully Reversed Stresses -- Combined Mean And Alternating Stress -- Fracture-Mechanics Criteria -- Testing Actual Assemblies -- 6.6.Estimating Fatigue Failure Criteria -- Estimating The Theoretical Fatigue Strength Sf' Or Endurance Limit Se' -- Correction Factors---Theoretical Fatigue Strength Or Endurance Limit -- Corrected Fatigue Strength Sf Or Corrected Endurance Limit Se -- Creating Estimated S-N Diagrams -- 6.7.Notches And Stress Concentrations -- Notch Sensitivity -- 6.8.Residual Stresses -- 6.9.Designing For High-Cycle Fatigue -- 6.10.Designing For Fully Reversed Uniaxial Stresses -- Design Steps For Fully Reversed Stresses With Uniaxial Loading -- 6.11.Designing For Fluctuating Uniaxial Stresses -- Creating The Modified-Goodman Diagram -- Applying Stress-Concentration Effects With Fluctuating Stresses -- Determining The Safety Factor With Fluctuating Stresses -- Design Steps For Fluctuating Stresses -- 6.12.Designing For Multiaxial Stresses In Fatigue -- Frequency And Phase Relationships -- Fully Reversed Simple Multiaxial Stresses -- Fluctuating Simple Multiaxial Stresses -- Complex Multiaxial Stresses -- 6.13.A General Approach To High-Cycle Fatigue Design -- 6.14.A Case Study In Fatigue Design -- 6.15.Summary -- 6.16.References -- 6.17.Bibliography -- 6.18.Problems -- ch. 7 Surface Failure -- 7.0.Introduction -- 7.1.Surface Geometry -- 7.2.Mating Surfaces -- 7.3.Friction -- Effect Of Roughness On Friction -- Effect Of Velocity On Friction -- Rolling Friction -- Effect Of Lubricant On Friction -- 7.4.Adhesive Wear -- The Adhesive-Wear Coefficient -- 7.5.Abrasive Wear -- Abrasive Materials -- Abrasion-Resistant Materials -- 7.6.Corrosion Wear -- Corrosion Fatigue -- Fretting Corrosion -- 7.7.Surface Fatigue -- 7.8.Spherical Contact -- Contact Pressure And Contact Patch In Spherical Contact -- Static Stress Distributions In Spherical Contact -- 7.9.Cylindrical Contact -- Contact Pressure And Contact Patch In Parallel Cylindrical Contact -- Static Stress Distributions In Parallel Cylindrical Contact -- 7.10.General Contact -- Contact Pressure And Contact Patch In General Contact -- Stress Distributions In General Contact -- 7.11.Dynamic Contact Stresses -- Effect Of A Sliding Component On Contact Stresses -- 7.12.Surface Fatigue Failure Models---Dynamic Contact -- 7.13.Surface Fatigue Strength -- 7.14.Summary -- 7.15.References -- 7.16.Problems -- ch. 8 Finite Element Analysis -- 8.0.Introduction -- Stress And Strain Computation -- 8.1.Finite Element Method -- 8.2.Element Types -- Element Dimension And Degree Of Freedom (Dof) -- Element Order -- H-Elements Versus P-Elements -- Element Aspect Ratio -- 8.3.Meshing -- Mesh Density -- Mesh Refinement -- Convergence -- 8.4.Boundary Conditions -- 8.5.Applying Loads -- 8.6.Testing The Model (Verification) -- 8.7.Modal Analysis -- 8.8.Case Studies -- 8.9.Summary -- 8.10.References -- 8.11.Bibliography -- 8.12.Web Resources -- 8.13.Problems -- pt. II Machine Design -- ch. 9 Design Case Studies -- 9.0.Introduction -- 9.1.Case Study 8---A Portable Air Compressor -- 9.2.Case Study 9---A Hay-Bale Lifter -- 9.3.Case Study 10---A Cam-Testing Machine -- 9.4.Summary -- 9.5.References -- 9.6.Design Projects -- ch. 10 Shafts, Keys, And Couplings -- 10.0.Introduction -- 10.1.Shaft Loads -- 10.2.Attachments And Stress Concentrations -- 10.3.Shaft Materials -- 10.4.Shaft Power -- 10.5.Shaft Loads -- 10.6.Shaft Stresses -- 10.7.Shaft Failure In Combined Loading -- 10.8.Shaft Design -- General Considerations -- Design For Fully Reversed Bending And Steady Torsion -- Design For Fluctuating Bending And Fluctuating Torsion -- 10.9.Shaft Deflection -- Shafts As Beams -- Shafts As Torsion Bars -- 10.10.Keys And Keyways -- Parallel Keys -- Tapered Keys -- Woodruff Keys -- Stresses In Keys -- Key Materials -- Key Design -- Stress Concentrations In Keyways -- 10.11.Splines -- 10.12.Interference Fits -- Stresses In Interference Fits -- Stress Concentration In Interference Fits -- and Contents note continued: Fretting Corrosion -- 10.13.Flywheel Design -- Energy Variation In A Rotating System -- Determining The Flywheel Inertia -- Stresses In Flywheels -- Failure Criteria -- 10.14.Critical Speeds Of Shafts -- Lateral Vibration Of Shafts And Beams---Rayleigh's Method -- Shaft Whirl -- Torsional Vibration -- Two Disks On A Common Shaft -- Multiple Disks On A Common Shaft -- Controlling Torsional Vibrations -- 10.15.Couplings -- Rigid Couplings -- Compliant Couplings -- 10.16.Case Study 8B -- 10.17.Summary -- 10.18.References -- 10.19.Problems -- ch. 11 Bearings And Lubrication -- 11.0.Introduction -- A Caveat -- 11.1.Lubricants -- 11.2.Viscosity -- 11.3.Types Of Lubrication -- Full-Film Lubrication -- Boundary Lubrication -- 11.4.Material Combinations In Sliding Bearings -- 11.5.Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory -- Petroff's Equation For No-Load Torque -- Reynolds' Equation For Eccentric Journal Bearings -- Torque And Power Losses In Journal Bearings -- 11.6.Design Of Hydrodynamic Bearings -- Design Load Factor---The Ocvirk Number -- Design Procedures -- 11.7.Nonconforming Contacts -- 11.8.Rolling-Element Bearings -- Comparison Of Rolling And Sliding Bearings -- Types Of Rolling-Element Bearings -- 11.9.Failure Of Rolling-Element Bearings -- 11.10.Selection Of Rolling-Element Bearings -- Basic Dynamic Load Rating C -- Modified Bearing Life Rating -- Basic Static Load Rating Co -- Combined Radial And Thrust Loads -- Calculation Procedures -- 11.11.Bearing Mounting Details -- 11.12.Special Bearings -- 11.13.Case Study 10B -- 11.14.Summary -- 11.15.References -- 11.16.Problems -- ch. 12 Spur Gears -- 12.0.Introduction -- 12.1.Gear Tooth Theory -- The Fundamental Law Of Gearing -- The Involute Tooth Form -- Pressure Angle -- Gear Mesh Geometry -- Rack And Pinion -- Changing Center Distance -- Backlash -- Relative Tooth Motion -- 12.2.Gear Tooth Nomenclature -- 12.3.Interference And Undercutting -- Unequal-Addendum Tooth Forms -- 12.4.Contact Ratio -- 12.5.Gear Trains -- Simple Gear Trains -- Compound Gear Trains -- Reverted Compound Trains -- Epicyclic Or Planetary Gear Trains -- 12.6.Gear Manufacturing -- Forming Gear Teeth -- Machining -- Roughing Processes -- Finishing Processes -- Gear Quality -- 12.7.Loading On Spur Gears -- 12.8.Stresses In Spur Gears -- Bending Stresses -- Surface Stresses -- 12.9.Gear Materials -- Material Strengths -- Agma Bending-Fatigue Strengths For Gear Materials -- Agma Surface-Fatigue Strengths For Gear Materials -- 12.10.Lubrication Of Gearing -- 12.11.Design Of Spur Gears -- 12.12.Case Study 8C -- 12.13.Summary -- 12.14.References -- 12.15.Problems -- ch. 13 Helical, Bevel, And Worm Gears -- 13.0.Introduction -- 13.1.Helical Gears -- Helical Gear Geometry -- Helical-Gear Forces -- Virtual Number Of Teeth -- Contact Ratios -- Stresses In Helical Gears -- 13.2.Bevel Gears -- Bevel-Gear Geometry And Nomenclature -- Bevel-Gear Mounting -- Forces On Bevel Gears -- Stresses In Bevel Gears -- 13.3.Wormsets -- Materials For Wormsets -- Lubrication In Wormsets -- Forces In Wormsets -- Wormset Geometry -- Rating Methods -- A Design Procedure For Wormsets -- 13.4.Case Study 9B -- 13.5.Summary -- 13.6.References -- 13.7.Problems -- ch. 14 Spring Design -- 14.0.Introduction -- 14.1.Spring Rate -- 14.2.Spring Configurations -- 14.3.Spring Materials -- Spring Wire -- Flat Spring Stock -- 14.4.Helical Compression Springs -- Spring Lengths -- End Details -- Active Coils -- Spring Index -- Spring Deflection -- Spring Rate -- Stresses In Helical Compression Spring Coils -- Helical Coil Springs Of Nonround Wire -- Residual Stresses -- Buckling Of Compression Springs -- Compression-Spring Surge -- Allowable-Strengths For Compression Springs -- The Torsional-Shear S-N Diagram For Spring Wire -- The Modified-Goodman Diagram For Spring Wire -- 14.5.Designing Helical Compression Springs For Static Loading -- 14.6.Designing Helical Compression Springs For Fatigue Loading -- 14.7.Helical Extension Springs -- Active Coils In Extension Springs -- Spring Rate Of Extension Springs -- Spring Index Of Extension Springs -- Coil Preload In Extension Springs -- Deflection Of Extension Springs -- Coil Stresses In Extension Springs -- End Stresses In Extension Springs -- Surging In Extension Springs -- Material Strengths For Extension Springs -- Design Of Helical Extension Springs -- 14.8.Helical Torsion Springs -- Terminology For Torsion Springs -- Number Of Coils In Torsion Springs -- Deflection Of Torsion Springs -- Spring Rate Of Torsion Springs -- Coil Closure -- Coil Stresses In Torsion Springs -- Material Parameters For Torsion Springs -- Safety Factors For Torsion Springs -- Designing Helical Torsion Springs -- 14.9.Belleville Spring Washers -- Load-Deflection Function For Belleville Washers -- Stresses In Belleville Washers -- Static Loading Of Belleville Washers -- Dynamic Loading -- Stacking Springs -- Designing Belleville Springs -- 14.10.Case Study 10C -- 14.11.Summary -- 14.12.References -- 14.13.Problems -- ch. 15 Screws And Fasteners -- 15.0.Introduction -- 15.1.Standard Thread Forms -- Tensile Stress Area -- Standard Thread Dimensions -- 15.2.Power Screws -- Square, Acme, And Buttress Threads -- Power Screw Application -- Power Screw Force And Torque Analysis -- Friction Coefficients -- Self-Locking And Back-Driving Of Power Screws -- Screw Efficiency -- Ball Screws -- 15.3.Stresses In Threads -- Axial Stress -- Shear Stress -- Torsional Stress -- 15.4.Types Of Screw Fasteners -- Classification By Intended Use -- Classification By Thread Type -- Classification By Head Style -- Nuts And Washers -- 15.5.Manufacturing Fasteners -- 15.6.Strengths Of Standard Bolts And Machine Screws -- 15.7.Preloaded Fasteners In Tension -- Preloaded Bolts Under Static Loading -- Preloaded Bolts Under Dynamic Loading -- 15.8.Determining The Joint Stiffness Factor -- Joints With Two Plates Of The Same Material -- Joints With Two Plates Of Different Materials -- Gasketed Joints -- 15.9.Controlling Preload -- The Turn-Of-The-Nut Method -- Torque-Limited Fasteners -- Load-Indicating Washers -- Torsional Stress Due To Torquing Of Bolts -- 15.10.Fasteners In Shear -- Dowel Pins -- Centroids Of Fastener Groups -- Determining Shear Loads On Fasteners -- 15.11.Case Study 8D -- 15.12.Summary -- 15.13.References -- 15.14.Bibliography -- 15.15.Problems -- ch. 16 Weldments -- 16.0.Introduction -- 16.1.Welding Processes -- Types Of Welding In Common Use -- Why Should A Designer Be Concerned With The Welding Process? -- 16.2.Weld Joints And Weld Types -- Joint Preparation -- Weld Specification -- 16.3.Principles Of Weldment Design -- 16.4.Static Loading Of Welds -- 16.5.Static Strength Of Welds -- Residual Stresses In Welds -- Direction Of Loading -- Allowable Shear Stress For Statically Loaded Fillet And Pip Welds -- 16.6.Dynamic Loading Of Welds -- Effect Of Mean Stress On Weldment Fatigue Strength -- Are Correction Factors Needed For Weldment Fatigue Strength? -- Effect Of Weldment Configuration On Fatigue Strength -- Is There An Endurance Limit For Weldments? -- Fatigue Failure In Compression Loading? -- 16.7.Treating A Weld As A Line -- 16.8.Eccentrically Loaded Weld Patterns -- 16.9.Design Considerations For Weidments In Machines -- 16.10.Summary -- 16.11.References -- 16.12.Problems -- ch. 17 Clutches And Brakes -- 17.0.Introduction -- 17.1.Types Of Brakes And Clutches -- 17.2.Clutch/Brake Selection And Specification -- 17.3.Clutch And Brake Materials -- 17.4.Disk Clutches -- Uniform Pressure -- Uniform Wear -- 17.5.Disk Brakes -- 17.6.Drum Brakes -- Short-Shoe External Drum Brakes -- Long-Shoe External Drum Brakes -- Long-Shoe Internal Drum Brakes -- 17.7.Summary -- 17.8.References -- 17.9.Bibliography -- 17.10.Problems -- Appendices -- A.Material Properties -- B.Beam Tables -- C.Stress-Concentration Factors -- D.Answers To Selected Problems.
Subject(s)
ISBN
9780133356717
013335671X
Bibliography Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
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