Introduction: Imagined Empires, Real Rebels -- Ottomans, Plague, and Revolt (1500-1800) -- French, Plague Encore, and Jihad (1798-1801) -- The Pasha's Settlers, Bulls, and Bandits (1805-1848) -- A "Communist" Revolution (1848-1882) -- Rebellion in the Time of Cholera (1882-1950) -- Epilogue: America : Last Imagined Empire?