The veterinary laboratory and field manual : a guide for veterinary laboratory technicians and animal health advisors / S.C. Cork, R.W. Halliwell

Author:: Cork, S. C. (Susan C.)
Published:: Nottingham, U.K. : Nottingham University Press, 2012.
Edition:: 2nd ed.
Physical Description:: xxiii, 581 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm
Additional Creators:: Halliwell, R. W. (Roy W.)

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Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1.Setting Up And Using A Laboratory Service -- 1.1.The role of the veterinary laboratory network within animal health extension services -- Infrastructure and function of the regional or district veterinary laboratory -- Legislation and responsibility -- Education and public relations -- Practical training (workshops) -- Field visits -- Planning field work and the use of a mobile laboratory -- Buildings and maintenance -- Location and design -- Services -- Power supply: Electricity and gas -- Water supply -- Transport and communication services -- Managing supplies -- Stock control -- Store sections -- A note on district laboratories -- 1.2.Staff requirements -- Field work -- Laboratory -- Training laboratory technicians -- 1.3.Safety in the laboratory -- Handling potentially infectious material -- Legislation (national and local authorities) -- Waste disposal and biosecurity -- Incinerators -- Biological pits -- Procedures and protocols -- Apparatus -- Glassware -- Pipettes -- Knives and sharp implements -- Chemicals -- Fire prevention and control -- 1.4.Sample selection, submission and clinical diagnosis -- Clinical examination -- General guidelines for performing a clinical examination -- Sample submission, preservation and communication with the laboratory -- General guidelines for submitting samples to the laboratory -- Sample collection kits -- Collection of material for laboratory examination -- Specimens and laboratory diagnosis -- Sending specimens to the laboratory -- 1.5.Quality assurance and control -- Providing a quality service -- Ensuring the quality of laboratory test results -- 1.6.Recording, reporting and interpretation of results -- 2.The Selection, Use And Maintenance Of Laboratory Equipment And Supplies -- 2.1.Criteria for the selection of appropriate equipment -- Equipment maintenance, servicing and repairs -- 2.2.Specific equipment -- Refrigerators and freezers -- Principles -- Care, maintenance and quality control -- Autoclaves -- Standard care, maintenance and quality control for a simple bench top autoclave -- Centrifuges -- Hand-operated centrifuge -- Microhaematocrit centrifuge -- General purpose centrifuge -- Care, maintenance and general operating rules -- pH meters -- The principle of pH -- Simple methods of assessing pH -- Guidelines for use -- Incubators -- Care, maintenance and quality control -- Ovens -- Balances -- Use, maintenance and quality control -- Water baths -- Use and maintenance of water baths -- Water distillers and deionisers -- Distillers -- Use, care and maintenance -- Deionisers -- Automatic/calibrated pipettes and dispensers -- Pipettes -- How to use a `displacement' micropipettor -- Dispensers -- Colorimetery equipment and spectrophotometers -- Spectrophotometers -- Use and care of a colorimeter/spectrophotometer -- Microscopes -- The compound microscope -- Parts of the microscope -- Precautions -- Using the light microscope -- Dark field illumination -- How to get the most from your microscope -- The microscopic field -- Systematic examination -- Calibration of the microscope -- Using a micrometer-eyepiece and a counting chamber to measure the actual size of objects -- 2.3.A note on ELISA tests and specialized technology -- ELISA plate reader -- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -- Electron microscopy (EM) -- Automated haematology and biochemistry systems -- 2.4.General laboratory ware -- Glassware and plastic -- Bottles -- Beakers -- Flasks -- Graduated cylinders -- Pipettes -- Care and cleaning of laboratory ware -- Cleaning and disinfection procedures are outlined below -- Use of detergents for cleaning glassware -- Use of ultrasonic baths -- Physical methods of sterilization -- Radiation -- Filtration -- Chemical methods of sterilization -- Phenolics -- 3.Parasitology -- 3.1.Introduction -- 3.2.General helminthology -- Collection and preservation of faecal samples -- Methods used to look for helminth eggs in faeces -- Preparation of a standard suspension -- Qualitative techniques -- Quantitative techniques -- Modified Stoll counting technique (sedimentation) -- Culture, recovery and identification of larvae -- Larval extraction for lungworm larvae -- Larval culture -- Other helminthological techniques -- Post-mortem (necropsy) -- Total worm count -- Interpretation of parasitology results -- 3.3.Helminths of veterinary importance -- Nematodes (roundworms) -- Cestodes -- Trematodes (flukes) -- Effects of parasitic helminths on their hosts -- Diseases caused by nematodes (roundworms) -- Gastrointestinal nematodes -- A note on anthelmintic resistance -- Specific nematodes of veterinary significance -- Nematodes found in the `stomach' or abomasum -- Nematodes found in the small intestine -- Nematodes found in the large intestine and caecum -- Large `roundworms' or ascarids -- Disease process and clinical signs -- Nematodes which live in the lungs -- Nematodes which live in other organs -- Diseases caused by cestodes -- Taenia sp. tapeworms (Cysticercosis) -- Coenurosis or Gid -- Echinococcosis or Hydatidosis -- Diseases caused by trematodes -- Fluke (Fascioliasis) -- Stomach fluke or conical fluke infection (Paramphistomum sp.) -- Dicrocoeliosis (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) -- Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma sp.) -- PROTOZOA -- 3.4.Introduction to protozoal organisms -- Classification, development and life cycles -- 3.5.Protozoal diseases -- Coccidiosis -- Prevention -- Treatment -- Toxoplasmosis -- Diagnosis -- Prevention and control -- Sarcocystis -- Diagnosis -- Prevention and control -- Neospora caninum -- Cryptosporidia -- Diagnosis -- Prevention and control -- Trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis -- Other flagellates -- Other protozoa -- Balantidiasis -- 3.6.Haemoparasites of ruminants -- Diagnosis, control and prevention -- Preparation and examination of blood and tissue smears -- Methods -- Smear preparation -- Stains and staining -- Stain preparation -- Concentrating Microfilariae and Trypanosomes -- Immunological tests -- Diseases caused by haemoparasites in ruminants -- Theileriasis -- Life cycle -- Clinical disease -- Diagnosis -- Control and prevention -- Babesiosis (Piroplasmosis) = red water fever -- Anaplasmosis-Gall sickness -- Trypanosomiasis -- Other trypanosomes -- The `One Health' approach -- 3.7.Introduction to veterinary entomology -- Classification and identification -- Samples for ectoparasite examination -- 3.8.Ticks and tick borne diseases -- Tick identification -- Prevention and control -- 3.9.Mites and mange -- Skin scrapings and tissue digestion -- Examination procedure -- 3.10.Lice and other insects -- Lice -- Lice common in livestock -- Anoplura (sucking lice) -- Mallophaga (biting lice) -- Other insects -- Identification of insects -- Diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors -- 4.Microbiology -- 4.1.General sample collection, preparation and handling -- 4.2.Introduction to bacteriology -- Anatomy of the bacterial cell -- Brief description of cell components and their function -- Cell wall -- Cytoplasmic membrane -- Cytoplasm -- Genetic information -- Capsule -- Flagella -- Fimbriae or pili -- Endospores -- Morphology and classification -- 4.3.Sample collection, preparation and submission -- Samples commonly collected -- Laboratory examination of specimens -- Routine and special stains used for microbiology smears -- Gram stain -- Modified Ziehl Neelsen Stain -- 4.4.Culture and identification of bacteria -- Media and special requirements -- Oxygen requirements -- Media -- Sterility -- Storage -- General types of media and terminology used -- pH requirements -- Temperature -- Routine approach to samples submitted for bacteriological examination -- Goals of primary inoculation -- Identification of bacteria -- Routine stains used in microbiology -- The Gram stain -- Biochemical tests -- Beta-galactosidase test -- Oxidation fermentation test -- Catalase test -- Citrate test -- Coagulase test -- Gelatine liquefaction -- Hydrogen sulphide production -- Methyl red (MR) reaction -- Voges-Proskauer (VP) reaction -- Nitrate reduction test -- Oxidase (cytochrome oxidase) test -- Urea hydrolysis test -- Motility test -- Commercial identification systems for bacteria -- Serological typing -- Quantitative tests-counting bacteria -- 4.5.Antibiotic sensitivity and antibiotic use -- Disk-diffusion antibiotic sensitivity tests -- Choice of drug for disc (disk) test -- Examples of suitable `first-line' test antibiotics -- Culture medium -- Test procedure -- Inoculation of primary cultures direct from specimen -- From pure sub-culture -- Control cultures -- Reading and interpretation of results -- A note on antimicrobial resistance -- Acquired resistance -- Multiple resistance -- Epidemiology of resistance -- How to select an antimicrobial drug -- Accurate diagnosis -- Antibiotic sensitivity testing -- Treatment selection and efficacy -- Duration and feasibility -- Drug withholding period -- Alternatives to antibiotics -- 4.6.Mycology -- Moulds and yeast -- Clinical importance -- Laboratory diagnosis -- Fungal infections of the skin -- Specimens to collect -- Examples of specific fungal diseases -- Ringworm -- Direct microscopy -- Appearance of skin scales, nails or crusts in KOH preparation -- Culture -- Choice of media -- Fungi which are commonly isolated from cases of ringworm and other skin conditions in animals -- Other fungal pathogens -- Mycotoxins -- 4.7.Virology -- Properties of viruses -- Methods used to diagnose viral infections -- Light microscope -- Electron microscope -- Fluorescence -- Viral culture methods -- Laboratory animals -- Cell culture -- Virus propagation in chicken embryos -- Techniques of embryo inoculation -- Methods used to diagnose viral diseases -- Agglutination and precipitation -- Compliment fixation -- Neutralisation tests -- Virus haemagglutination (HA test) -- Haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) -- ELISA - serology and antigen capture -- Protection tests -- and Contents note continued: Benefits and limitations of rapid `pen side' tests -- 4.8.Molecular microbiology and its application as a diagnostic tool -- Introduction -- Techniques -- Hybridisation -- DNA:DNA/DNA:RNA -- Probes and microarrays -- DNA restriction -- Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) -- Amplification -- Conventional PCR -- Real time PCR (qPCR) -- Binary Typing using PCR -- Isothermal amplification -- Sequencing -- Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) -- Digitalised isolate information, bioinformatics and epidemiology -- Next generation sequencing and metagenomics -- 5.Haematology -- 5.1.Introduction -- The haematopoietic system: terminology -- Blood volume and the appearance and characteristics of blood cells -- 5.2.Collection of specimens -- Preparation and staining of blood and bone marrow smears -- Method -- Stain preparation -- 5.3.Cell counts and white cell indices -- Peroxidase reaction -- Differential white blood cell count -- Total cell counts -- Total white cell count -- Calculation (depends on the type of haemocytometer used) -- Total red cell count -- Calculation (depends on the type of haemocytometer used) -- 5.4.Red cell indices and anaemia -- Anaemia -- Packed cell volume (PCV) -- Determination of haemoglobin content -- Sahli's acid haematin method -- Method -- Cyanmethaemoglobin method -- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate -- Method -- Interpretation (simplified) -- 5.5.Collection and examination of smears from bone marrow -- 5.6.Determination of normal values -- 5.7.Interpretation of results -- 5.8.A note on automated systems -- 6.Serology And Immunology -- 6.1.Introduction -- The immune response -- 6.2.Antigens and antibodies -- Antigen -- Antibody/immunoglobulins -- Structure and function of immunoglobulins (ig) -- Primary antibody response -- Definition and use of terms -- 6.3.Tests used to measure antibody/antigen reactions -- Agglutination and precipitation tests -- Slide agglutination -- Equipment -- Procedure -- Recording the results -- Tube agglutination -- Example of the tube agglutination test -- Equipment -- Method -- Results -- Interpretation -- Immunodiffusion tests -- Haemagglutination tests -- Haemagglutination inhibition test -- HA test -- Titration of virus by haemagglutination -- Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI test) -- Haemagglutination Inhibition test -- Reagents -- Complement fixation test -- Fluorescent antibody tests -- Enztyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) -- The Direct ELISA -- The indirect ELISA -- 6.4.Quality control and interpretation of results -- 6.5.Epidemiology and sampling plans -- 7.Clinical Chemistry -- 7.1.Introduction -- 7.2.Blood sample collection and handling -- Sample collection -- Serum vs plasma -- Transport and processing -- Storage and preservation -- 7.3.General health assessment -- Simple dip-stick tests -- Photometer methods -- 7.4.Colorimetry explained -- The scientific principles -- Colour and light absorption -- Practical considerations -- Quality control -- 7.5.Interpretation of clinical chemistry results -- 7.6.General principles for basic biochemical tests -- Principles of chemical reactions -- Oxidation and reduction -- Electrolytes and electrolysis -- Acids and bases -- Buffers -- Indicators -- Techniques for preparing solutions -- Practical points to consider for accurate preparation of solutions -- Expressing the concentration of solutions -- Preparation of molar (mol/l) solutions and dilutions -- Preparing dilutions -- Saturated solutions -- Diluting techniques -- Examples of simple qualitative tests for district laboratories -- 1.Iodine flocculation test for liver function -- 2.Rapid Spot test for blood ketones -- 3.Estimation of serum bilirubin -- 4.Serum total protein by the Biuret method -- 5.Haemoglobin determination -- 7.7.Metabolic diseases and endocrine disorders -- 7.8.Mineral and trace element assays -- 7.9.Urinalysis -- Biochemical analysis of urine -- Microscopic examination of urine sediment -- Method -- Interpretation -- Looking at a centrifuged deposit -- Examining a centrifuged deposit -- Interpretation of results -- Biochemical tests -- Casts and cells -- 7.10.Toxicology -- 8.PATHOLOGY/CYTOLOGY -- 8.1.Introduction -- 8.2.General approach for necropsy cases -- Taking a case history and clinical examination -- Basic post-mortem equipment for field work -- Sample collection (equipment required) -- Brief guidelines for sample collection -- Procedure for post-mortem examinations -- Performing the necropsy -- Examination of specific body systems -- Gastrointestinal system -- Cardiovascular system -- Respiratory system -- Urogenital system -- Lymphoreticular system -- Neurological system -- Musculoskeletal system -- Endocrine system -- 8.3.Histopathology -- Tissues from post-mortem cases -- Tissues from biopsy samples -- 8.4.Cytology -- 8.5.Examination of samples and interpretation of results -- Interpretation -- 9.SPECIAL TOPICS -- 9.1.Introduction to epidemiology -- 9.2.Disease surveillance systems; resources and reporting requirements -- Background -- The role of veterinary para-professionals in disease surveillance -- 9.3.Common clinical problems -- Infertility and abortion -- Infertility in the female -- Abortion -- History -- Clinical examination of dam and sire (if natural service) -- Examination of the placenta and foetus -- Laboratory samples -- Diarrhoea -- Take a full history -- Perform a thorough clinical examination -- Collect laboratory samples -- Haematuria and haemoglobinuria (red urine) -- Clinical history -- Clinical examination -- Laboratory samples -- Hair loss and itchy skin -- Ill thrift and chronic weight loss -- Neurologi signs -- 9.4.Wildlife hea monitoring and disease surveillance -- Wildlife health and Disease - A Canadian Perspective -- Thinking side the Box -- A Can Example: Caribou Health Monitoring -- 9.5.Arthropod rs and Arthropod Borne Diseases -- Monitori disease vectors -- Arthro monitoring -- Mosqi and other biting flies -- Ticks -- Molecular agnostics -- Ticks -- Special lerations in the diagnostics of arthropod borne viruses-Virolog -- Cell cult -- Molecular gnostics -- 10.APPENDICE -- 10.1a.Zoonotic di s (summary) -- 10.1b.Zoonotic di in brief -- Disease: rax -- Disease: Brucellosis -- Disease: Leptospirosis -- Disease: Tuberculosis -- Disease: Meliodosis -- Disease: Salmonellosis -- Disease: Plague -- Disease: Typhus -- Disease: Rabies -- Disease: Japanese B encephalitis -- Disease: Ringworm -- Disease: Leishmaniasis -- Disease: Toxoplasmosis -- Disease: Trichinosis -- Disease: Visceral larva migrans -- Disease: Cutaneous larva migrans -- Disease: Hydatids -- Disease: Tapeworm -- Disease: Schistosomiasis -- 10.2.Post mortem and sample submission forms -- 10.3.Some micro-organisms commonly isolated from animals -- 10.4.Examples of laboratory equipment and reagent suppliers.

Subject(s):

ISBN:

9781908062093 (pbk.)
1908062096 (pbk.)

Bibliography Note:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

View MARC record | catkey: 11574494