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Advanced water injection for low permeability reservoirs [electronic resource] : theory and practice / Ran Xinquan ; translated by Xu Fangfu, Gu Daihong

Author
Ran, Xinquan
Published
Waltham, MA : Gulf Professional Pub., [2013]
Copyright Date
©2013
Physical Description
1 online resource (xiii, 241 pages) : illustrations, maps
Additional Creators
Xu, Fangfu and Gu, Daihong
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Contents
Machine generated contents note: 1.Features of Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs in the Ordos Basin -- 1.1.Geological Features -- 1.1.1.Structural Features -- 1.1.1.1.Stress-Field Distribution -- 1.1.2.Sedimentary Features -- 1.1.3.Reservoir Features -- 1.1.3.1.Microfracture Features -- 1.1.3.2.Macroheterogeneity of Reservoirs -- 1.1.3.3.Microscopic Features of the Reservoirs -- 1.1.3.4.Reservoir Wettability and Sensitivity -- 1.1.3.5.The Temperature-Pressure Systems -- 1.1.3.6.Fluid Properties -- 1.1.3.7.Saturation of Movable Fluids -- 1.1.3.8.Features of Waterflood Efficiency -- 1.2.Features of Conventional Waterflooded Development -- 1.2.1.Water Absorptivity of Reservoirs -- 1.2.1.1.Waterflood Pressure -- 1.2.1.2.Index Curve Properties of the Injection Wells -- 1.2.1.3.The Entry Profile of the Injection Wells -- 1.2.2.Features of Oil Producer Responses -- 1.2.2.1.Features of Responses -- 1.2.2.2.Factors That Influence Well Responses -- 1.2.3.Features of Producer Deliverability -- 1.2.3.1.The Initial Deliverability -- 1.2.3.2.Patterns of Deliverability Changes -- 1.2.4.Changes in Productivity Indexes (Pis) -- 1.3.The Introduction of Advanced Water Injection Technology -- 1.3.1.Functions of Advanced Water Injection -- 1.3.1.1.Maintaining High Reservoir Pressure to Build an Effective Displacing Pressure System -- 1.3.1.2.Reducing Damage to Permeability Caused by Pressure Drop -- 1.3.1.3.Preventing Changes in the Physical Properties of the Oil in Place -- 1.3.1.4.Preventing the Flow Matrix from Being Plugged -- 1.3.1.5.Improving the Oil Permeability -- 1.3.1.6.Increasing the Sweep Efficiency of the Injected Water to Enhance Oil Recovery -- 1.3.1.7.Slowing Down Output Decline -- 1.3.1.8.Improving Producer Deliverability -- 1.3.1.9.Greatly Enhancing the Maximum Injector-Producer Distance and the Effective Coverage -- 1.3.2.Applicability of Advanced Water Injection -- 2.Nonlinear Percolation Theory for Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 2.1.Stress Sensitivity of the Ultralow-Permeability Reservoir -- 2.1.1.Features of Stress Sensitivity -- 2.1.1.1.Features of Pore Structures -- 2.1.1.2.Features of Matrix Structures -- 2.1.1.3.Features of Microfractures -- 2.1.1.4.Microscopic Features of Seepage Flows -- 2.1.2.Methods and Results of Stress Sensitivity Experiments with Ultralow-Permeability Rocks -- 2.1.2.1.Measurement of Variations of Porosity and Permeability along with Changes in the Effective Overburden Pressure -- 2.1.2.2.Experiment Methods for Core Elastic-Plastic Deformation Studies -- 2.1.2.3.Results from Stress Sensitivity Test with Ultralow-Permeability Rocks -- 2.1.2.4.Defining the Stress-Sensitivity Coefficient -- 2.1.3.Theoretical Interpretation for the Stress Sensitivity of Reservoir Permeability -- 2.1.4.Factors That Influence the Stress Sensitivity of Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 2.1.4.1.Material Composition -- 2.1.4.2.Grain Types -- 2.1.4.3.Grain Contact Modes -- 2.1.4.4.Patterns of Grain Arrays -- 2.1.4.5.Modes of Cementation -- 2.1.4.6.Fluid Types and Features in Pores -- 2.2.TPGs in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 2.2.1.Features of TPGs in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 2.2.1.1.The Boundary Layer Theory -- 2.2.1.2.The Concept of Seepage Fluids -- 2.2.1.3.Viscosity of Crude Oil in the Pore Channels -- 2.2.1.4.TPG Features in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 2.2.2.TPG Experiments for Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 2.2.2.1.Experiment Principles -- 2.2.2.2.Experiment Procedures -- 2.2.2.3.Experiment Methods -- 2.2.2.4.Data Processing -- 2.2.2.5.Data Analysis -- 2.2.3.An Analysis of Factors Affecting TPGs in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 2.2.3.1.Differences in Fluid Types -- 2.2.3.2.The Influence of Reservoir Permeability and Oil Viscosity -- 2.3.Features of Nonlinear Flows in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 2.3.1.The Percolation Theory Involving Stress Sensitivity -- 2.3.1.1.Equations for Deliverability and Pressure Distribution of Steady Seepage Flows -- 2.3.1.2.Equations for Deliverability and Pressure Distribution of Pseudo-Steady Seepage Flows -- 2.3.2.The Percolation Theory Involving TPG of Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 2.3.2.1.Equations for Deliverability and Pressure Distribution of Steady Seepage Flows -- 2.3.2.2.Equations for Deliverability and Pressure Distribution of Unsteady Seepage Flows -- 2.3.3.The Percolation Theory Involving Both TPG and Medium Deformation -- 2.3.3.1.Equations for Deliverability and Pressure Distribution of Steady Seepage Flows -- 2.3.3.2.Equations for Deliverability and Pressure Distribution of Unsteady Seepage Flows -- 2.4.Applying the Nonlinear Percolation Theory to Advanced Water Injection -- 2.4.1.The Influence of Advanced Injection on Permeability -- 2.4.1.1.The Influence on Matrix Permeability -- 2.4.1.2.The Influence on Permeabilities of the Microfracture System -- 2.4.2.The Influence of Advanced Injection on TPG -- 3.Design of Advanced Water Injection in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 3.1.The Well-Pattern System -- 3.1.1.Well Patterns -- 3.1.1.1.The History of Well-Pattern Deployment in Ultralow-Permeability Oilfields in Changqing -- 3.1.1.2.Well Patterns for Reservoirs with Fractures That Are Not Well Developed -- 3.1.1.3.Well Patterns for Reservoirs with Fractures That Are Well Developed -- 3.1.1.4.Cases of Development -- 3.1.2.Reasonable Row Spacing -- 3.1.2.1.Theoretical Calculation of Reasonable Injector-Producer Spacing -- 3.1.2.2.Reasonable Row Spacing for an Effective Pressure Displacement System -- 3.1.2.3.Reservoir Engineering Calculations for Reasonable Injector-Producer Spacing -- 3.1.2.4.An Example of Calculating the Reasonable Well-Spacing/Row-Spacing Ratio (dx/dy) -- 3.1.2.5.Adjustment of Infill Wells -- 3.2.Timing of Advanced Water Injection -- 3.2.1.Pressure Distribution between the Water Injector and the Oil Producer in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 3.2.1.1.Pressure Distribution between the Injector and the Producer with Stable Seepage Flow -- 3.2.1.2.Pressure Distribution between the Injector and the Producer with Unstable Seepage Flow -- 3.2.2.Injection Timing -- 3.3.Injection-Production Parameters -- 3.3.1.The Injection Pressure -- 3.3.2.Determination of the Injection Rate -- 3.3.3.Determination of the Injection Intensity -- 3.3.4.Reasonable Flowing Pressure in the Producer -- 3.3.4.1.Determining the Minimum Reasonable Flowing Pressure in the Oil Wells According to the Saturation Pressure -- 3.3.4.2.Determining the Minimum Reasonable Flowing Pressure in the Oil Wells According to the Pump Efficiency Required for Maximum Production -- 3.3.4.3.Influence of TPG and Medium Deformation on the BHFP -- 3.3.4.4.The Effect of TPG and Medium Deformation on the Inflow Performance of Oil Wells -- 3.4.Fracturing Timing -- 4.Technical Support for Advanced Water Injection -- 4.1.Techniques for Quick Evaluation of Large Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs -- 4.1.1.Techniques for Quick Evaluation -- 4.1.1.1.Classified Evaluation of Reservoirs -- 4.1.1.2.Quick Evaluation of Well Productivity -- 4.2.Auxiliary Equipment for Advanced Water Injection -- 4.2.1.Small, Closed Mobile Water Injection Skid -- 4.2.2.The Unattended Smart Flow-Regulating Valve Complex -- 4.2.3.The Integrated Digital Skid Pressurizer -- 4.3.Nodal Operation of Advanced Water Injection -- 4.3.1.Guidelines for Advanced Injection -- 4.3.2.Integrated Planning -- 4.3.3.Nodal Operation of Advanced Injection -- 5.Practice of Advanced Water Injection -- 5.1.Development of the Jing'an Oilfield -- 5.1.1.General Overview -- 5.1.2.Technological Policies -- 5.1.3.The Effects -- 5.1.3.1.Advanced Injection Increases Reservoir Pressure Considerably, Favorable for Establishing an Effective Displacing Pressure System -- 5.1.3.2.Advanced Injection Leads to a High Initial Daily Oil Output, Which Stabilizes for a Longer Period of Time and Declines More Slowly -- 5.2.Development of the Ansai Oilfield -- 5.2.1.General Overview -- 5.2.2.Technological Policies -- 5.2.2.1.The Best Injection Timing -- 5.2.2.2.Selection of Reasonable Injection Parameters -- 5.2.3.Results of Advanced Water Injection -- 5.2.3.1.Patterns of Pressure Changes -- 5.2.3.2.Production Characteristics -- 5.3.Development of the Xifeng Oilfield -- 5.3.1.General Overview -- 5.3.2.Technological Policies -- 5.3.2.1.The Best Injection Timing -- 5.3.2.2.Selection of Reasonable Injection Parameters -- 5.3.3.Results of Advanced Injection -- 5.3.3.1.Characteristics of Pressure Changes -- 5.3.3.2.Characteristics of Output and Its Decline -- 5.3.3.3.Characteristics of Producer Responses -- 5.4.Development of the Nanliang Oilfield -- 5.4.1.General Overview -- 5.4.2.Technological Policies -- 5.4.2.1.Reasonable Timing for Water Injection -- 5.4.2.2.Reasonable Water Injection Intensity -- 5.4.3.Results of Advanced Water Injection -- 5.4.3.1.Characteristics of Pressure Changes -- 5.4.3.2.Characteristics of Production Decline -- 5.4.3.3.Characteristics of Water Breakthrough and Producer Response.
Subject(s)
ISBN
9780123973214 (electronic bk.)
012397321X (electronic bk.)
9780123970312
0123970318
Note
Includes index.
AVAILABLE ONLINE TO AUTHORIZED PSU USERS.
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