Introduction: eugenic feminism and the problem of national development -- Perfecting feminism: Charlotte Perkins Gilman's eugenic utopias -- Regenerating feminism: Sarojini Naidu's eugenic feminist renaissance -- "World menace": national reproduction, public health, and the Mother India debate -- The vanishing peasant mother: reimagining Mother India for the 1950s -- Severed limbs, severed legacies: Indira Gandhi's emergency and the problem of subalternity -- Epilogue: transnational surrogacy and the neoliberal Mother India.