Policing America : challenges and best practices / Kenneth J. Peak, University of Nevada, Reno

Author:: Peak, Kenneth J., 1947-
Published:: Boston : Pearson, 2015.
Edition:: Eighth edition.
Physical Description:: xix, 388 pages : colored illustrations ; 26 cm

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Contents:

Machine generated contents note: pt. 1 Foundations: Development of American Policing and Police Officers -- ch. 1 History: From English Origins to the United States -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- English and Colonial Officers of the Law -- Sheriff -- Constable -- Coroner -- Justice of the Peace -- The Old English System of Policing -- Policing in Colonial America -- Legacies of the Colonial Period -- Police Reform in England -- Policing Comes to the United States -- Southern Slave Patrols -- The Political Era---1840s to 1930s -- Imitating Peel -- Early Issues and Traditions -- Attempts at Reform in Difficult Times -- Increased Politics and Corruption -- Meanwhile, on the American Frontier ... -- The Entrenchment of Political Influence -- The Reform Era: 1930s to 1980s -- Attempts to Thwart Political Patronage -- The Era of August Vollmer -- The Crime Fighter Image -- The Wickersham Commission -- Police as the "Thin Blue Line": William H. Parker -- 1960s and 1970s: The Struggle for Civil Rights -- A Retreat from the Professional Model -- Coming Full Circle to Peel: President's Crime Commission -- The Community Era: 1980s to Present -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- ch. 2 Preparing for the Street: Recruitment, Training, and Socialization -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- First Things First: Recruiting Qualified Applicants -- Wanted: Those Who Walk on Water -- Recruiting Problems and Successes -- Testing -- Hurdle Process -- Written Examinations: General Knowledge and Psychological Tests -- Physical Agility -- Personal Interview -- Character Investigation -- Polygraph Examination -- Medical Examination and Drug Screening -- Assessment Center -- Formal Entry into Policing: Academy Training -- Training Nature and Topics -- New Demeanor and Uniform -- Suspicion: The "Sixth Sense" -- Postacademy Field Training -- Field Training Officer (FTO) Program -- Police Training Officer (PTO) Program -- New Technology -- In-Service Training -- Working Personality: Having the "Right Stuff" -- Developing a Police Personality -- What Traits Make a Good Cop? -- Roles, Functions, and Styles of Policing -- Definition and Knowledge of the Police Role -- Role Conflicts -- Policing Functions and Styles -- Which Role, Function, and Style Prevail? -- Breaking Through Glass Ceilings: Women and Minorities -- Women as Officers and Chief Executives -- Advantages -- Minorities as Law Enforcement Officers -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- ch. 3 On Patrol: Methods and Menaces -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Studies of the Patrol Function: An Overview -- Patrol as Work: Culture of the Beat -- Purposes and Nature of Patrol -- Patrol Work as a Function of Shift Assignment -- Influence of an Assigned Beat -- Where Danger Lurks: Occupational Hazards of Patrol -- At Their Peril -- Suicide by Cop -- Arms and Armor for Duty -- H.R. 218 -- The Officer's "Rolling Office" -- A Sanctuary -- Patrolling on Two Wheels -- Discretionary Use of Police Authority -- Myth of Full Enforcement -- Attempts to Define Discretion -- Determinants of Officer Discretion -- Pros, Cons, and Politics of Discretionary Authority -- A Related Function: Traffic -- Enforcement of Traffic Laws: Triumph and Trouble -- Traffic Crash Investigation -- Pursuit of the "Phantom" Driver -- Officers on Display: Appearance, Uniforms, and Dress Codes -- Legal Aspects -- Psychological Aspects -- Instituting (and Enforcing) a Dress Code -- The Patrol Lifeline: Dispatchers and Communications -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- pt. 2 Practices and Challenges -- ch. 4 Community-Oriented: Policing and Problem Solving -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Basic Principles of Community Policing -- Redefined Role -- Community Building: New Station House Design and Amenities -- Major Step Forward: Problem-Oriented Policing -- The Problem-Solving Process: Sara -- Scanning: Problem Identification -- Analysis: Heart of Problem Solving -- Response: Formulation of Tailor-Made Strategies -- Assessment: Evaluation of Overall Effectiveness -- Collaborative Approach: Basic Principles -- Implementation -- Principle Components -- Broader Role for the Street Officer -- CompStat: Utilizing Information Technology to Manage Crime -- Does It Work? Evaluation -- Crime Prevention -- Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design -- Repeat Victimization -- Drug Abuse Resistance and Education -- Community Policing and Problem Solving at Work -- Ameliorating Juvenile Problems in Tulsa -- An Emerging Paradigm: Smart Policing -- Origins -- A Unique Requirement: Research Partnerships -- How It Works: An Array of Strategies and Tactics -- Lessons Learned -- Where from Here? Future Considerations -- Intelligence-Led Policing and Predictive Policing -- Intelligence-Led Policing: Understanding the "Who" of Crime -- Predictive Policing: Systematic Knowledge of Where Crimes Will Occur -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- ch. 5 Criminal Investigation: The Science of Sleuthing -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Scope of Forensic Science and Criminalistics -- Definitions of Terms -- A Word About Crime Scenes -- Origins of Criminalistics -- Personal Identification: Anthropometry and Dactylography -- Locard's Exchange Principle -- Firearms Identification -- Contributions of August Vollmer and Others -- Forensic Science and the Criminal Justice System -- Investigative Stages and Activities -- Arrest and Case Preparation -- Detectives: Qualities, Myths, and Attributes -- Officers Who "Disappear": Working Undercover -- Problems with the Role -- Return to Patrol Duties -- Contributions of Medical Examiners and Coroners -- Uses of the Polygraph -- DNA Analysis -- Discovery and Types of Analyses -- Codis -- DNA Policy Nightmare: Solving Property Crimes -- Postconviction DNA Tests: The Supreme Court Speaks -- A Wider Net: New Law Expands DNA Gathering -- Familial DNA -- Criminal Profiling and Psycholinguistics -- Developing Areas in Forensic Science and Investigation -- Using Social Networking Sites -- No Stone Unturned: Cold Cases -- Use of "Nonhuman Detectives": Dogs -- Is There a "CSI Effect"? -- Investigative Tools: Informants, Interviews, and Interrogations -- Use of Confidential Informants -- Conducting Interviews and Interrogations -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- ch. 6 Personnel Issues and Practices: Stress, Labor Relations, Higher Education, and Private Police -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- The Silent Epidemic: Stress -- Nature and Types of Stress -- Sources of Stress -- Effects of Stress -- Employee Assistance Programs -- Labor Relations: Officers' Rights, Unionization, and Collective Bargaining -- Higher Education -- Lagging Behind -- An Enduring Controversy -- Rationales for and Against Higher Education for Police -- On Guard: The Private Police -- Nature and Types -- Attempts to Unify Public-Private Police -- Attempts to Legislate Advancement -- An Organization at the Forefront -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- pt. 3 Adhering to Law, Ethical Principles, and Public Expectations -- ch. 7 Rule of Law: Expounding the Constitution -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Fourth Amendment -- Probable Cause -- Exclusionary Rule -- Arrests -- Searches and Seizures -- Electronic Surveillance -- Lineups -- Fifth Amendment -- Decisions Supporting Miranda: Confessions -- Decisions Modifying Miranda: Interrogations -- Entrapment -- Sixth Amendment -- Right to Counsel -- What Constitutes an Interrogation? -- Juvenile Rights -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- ch. 8 Accountability: Ethics, Use of Force, Corruption, and Discipline -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Police Ethics -- A Scenario -- Definitions and Types of Problems -- Ethics and Community Policing -- Use of Force -- A Tradition of Problems -- Legitimate Uses of Force -- Use-of-Force Continuums -- Police Shootings: Conundrum and Controversy -- Legal Restrictions -- Police Brutality -- Vehicle Pursuits -- Bias-Based Policing and Other Field Tactics -- A Related Issue: Domestic Violence -- Police Corruption -- History: A Long-Standing "Plague" -- Types and Causes -- Code of Silence -- Investigation and Prosecution -- Possible Solutions -- Limitations on Officers' Constitutional Rights -- Alcohol and Drug Abuse -- "Brady" Material -- Social Networking: Issues and Policy Guidance -- Disciplinary Policies and Practices -- Maintenance of Public Trust -- Due Process Requirements -- Complaints -- Level of Discipline and Type of Sanction -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- ch. 9 Civil Liability: Failing the Public Trust -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Incidence, Expense, Benefits, and Nature of Lawsuits -- Basic Terms and Concepts -- Section 1983 Litigation -- History and Escalation -- Police Actions Leading to Section 1983 Liability -- Criminal Prosecutions for Police Misconduct -- Liability of Police Supervisors -- Other Areas of Potential Liability -- Less-Lethal Tools and Technologies -- Duty of Care -- Failure to Protect -- Vehicle Pursuits -- Computer Evidence -- Qualified Immunity for Police -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- pt. 4 Agency Organization and Administration -- ch. 10 Federal and State Agencies: Protecting Our Borders and Freedoms -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Federal Law Enforcement Agencies with Arrest and Firearms Authority -- Department of Homeland Security -- Department of Justice -- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) -- Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) -- Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) -- U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) -- Other Federal Agencies -- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) -- and Contents note continued: Internal Revenue Service (IRS) -- Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) -- State Agencies -- State Police and Law Enforcement Agencies: General Types -- Other Special-Purpose State Agencies -- Career Considerations -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- ch. 11 Municipal and County Agencies: Organization, Administration, and Roles -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Organizations, Generally -- What Are Organizations? -- Organizations as Bureaucracies: In Principle and Perception -- Organizational Communication -- Police Agencies as Organizations -- Chain of Command -- Organizational Structure -- Unity of Command and Span of Control -- Organizational Policies and Procedures -- Communication Within Police Organizations -- Barriers to Effective Communication -- Local Agencies -- Police Departments and Sheriff's Offices: A Comparison -- Executive Officers: Police Chief and County Sheriffs -- Mintzberg Model of Chief Executive Officers -- Interpersonal Role -- Informational Role -- Decision-Maker Role -- Middle Managers: Captains and Lieutenants -- First-Line Supervisors -- Ten Tasks -- Police and Politics -- Good Politics, Bad Politics -- Police Executive Relations and Expectations -- Policing in Small and Rural Jurisdictions -- Fewer People, Greater Needs -- Unique Duties -- Criminal Activity -- Ways to Stretch Resources -- Consolidated Policing -- Civilianization -- Agency Accreditation -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- pt. 5 Best Practices: Addressing Special Populations, Using Specialized Equipment -- ch. 12 Pursuing Criminal Syndicates: Terrorists, Gangs, Drug Traffickers, and the Mob -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Terrorism -- Definition and Types -- Companion Threats: Cyberterrorism and Bioterrorism -- Responding to Active Shooter/Mass Killing Situations -- Incident Command System -- Legislative Measures -- Fusion Centers -- Street Gangs -- Definition and Membership -- What Works? Police Responses -- Intervention -- Suppression: Use of Focused Deterrence -- Gang Units and Civil Injunctions -- Did the Responses Work? -- Our National Nightmare: Drug Abuse -- Types of Usage and Social Costs: A Snapshot -- Open-Air Drug Markets -- Raves -- New Ways to Get "High" --- and Die: Bath Salts and "Fake Pot" -- High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Program -- Policing The Mob -- Definition, Origin, and Enterprises -- The Mob in Popular Culture -- Successful Police Initiatives -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- ch. 13 Addressing "People Problems": Immigrants, Youth Crimes, Hate Crimes, the Mentally III, and Homeless -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Policing U.S. Borders -- Extent and Rationales -- Issues, Crime---and a Fence -- State Immigration Legislation---and a Supreme Court Decision -- States' Reactions in the Aftermath -- Police Responses -- Policing Youth Crimes -- Extent of the Problem -- Gun Violence -- Disorderly Conduct in Public Places -- Underage Drinking -- Policing Hate Crimes -- Types of Hate Crimes and Hate Groups -- A Conundrum: Determining the Number of Hate Crimes Committed -- Initiatives for Enforcement and Prevention -- Coping with Mental Illness and Homelessness: Crucially Needed Programs -- A National Model: Memphis's CIT Program -- Addressing Homelessness -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes -- ch. 14 Technology Review: Uses (The Good), Concerns (The Bad), and Legislation -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Selected Examples: New Technologies for Old Problems -- Drones: Uses, Related Concerns, and Legislation -- Here Today---and More Tomorrow -- Potential Uses -- Concerns with Use and Privacy -- Smartphones: The Good and The Bad -- Social Media: The Good and The Bad -- Combating Cybercrooks -- Extent of the Problem -- What the Police Can Do -- Battling Cybercrooks: Two National Resources -- Developments with Electronic Control Devices -- Robotics -- Use of Wireless Technology -- Instant Access to Information -- Crime Mapping -- Locating Serial Offenders -- Electronics in Traffic Functions -- Collision Investigations -- Arrests of Impaired Drivers -- Prevention of High-Speed Pursuits -- Databases for Fingerprints and Mug Shots -- Recent Developments With Firearms -- Computer-Assisted Training -- Using Gun "Fingerprints" to Solve Cases -- Gang Intelligence Systems -- More Technologies for Tomorrow: Augmented Reality and Nanotechnology -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- Learn by Doing -- Notes.

Subject(s):

ISBN:

9780133495652
0133495655
9780133858143
0133858146

Bibliography Note:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

View MARC record | catkey: 13851119