Evaluate and characterize mechanisms controlling transport, fate, and effects of army smokes in the aerosol wind tunnel [electronic resource] : Transport, transformations, fate, and terrestrial ecological effects of hexachloroethane obscurant smokes

Published:: Washington, D.C. : United States. Dept. of Defense, 1989.
Oak Ridge, Tenn. : Distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy.
Physical Description:: Pages: (195 pages) : digital, PDF file
Additional Creators:: Pacific Northwest Laboratory, United States. Department of Defense, United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, and United States. Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information

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Summary:

The terrestrial transport, chemical fate, and ecological effects of hexachloroethane (HC) smoke were evaluated under controlled wind tunnel conditions. The primary objectives of this research program are to characterize and assess the impacts of smoke and obscurants on: (1) natural vegetation characteristic of US Army training sites in the United States; (2) physical and chemical properties of soils representative of these training sites; and (3) soil microbiological and invertebrate communities. Impacts and dose/responses were evaluated based on exposure scenarios, including exposure duration, exposure rate, and sequential cumulative dosing. Key to understanding the environmental impacts of HC smoke/obscurants is establishing the importance of environmental parameters such as relative humidity and wind speed on airborne aerosol characteristics and deposition to receptor surfaces. Direct and indirect biotic effects were evaluated using five plant species and two soil types. HC aerosols were generated in a controlled atmosphere wind tunnel by combustion of hexachloroethane mixtures prepared to simulate normal pot burn rates and conditions. The aerosol was characterized and used to expose plant, soil, and other test systems. Particle sizes of airborne HC ranged from 1.3 to 2.1 μm mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), and particle size was affected by relative humidity over a range of 20% to 85%. Air concentrations employed ranged from 130 to 680 mg/m³, depending on exposure scenario. Chlorocarbon concentrations within smokes, deposition rates for plant and soil surfaces, and persistence were determined. The fate of principal inorganic species (Zn, Al, and Cl) in a range of soils was assessed.

Report Numbers:

E 1.99:pnl-7166
pnl-7166

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Published through SciTech Connect.
09/01/1989.
"pnl-7166"
"DE90002923"
Fellows, R.J.; Cataldo, D.A.; Bolton, H. Jr.; Van Voris, P.; Ligotke, M.W.; McVeety, B.D.; McFadden, K.M.; Li, Shu-mei W.

Funding Information:

AC06-76RL01830

View MARC record | catkey: 14148657