Studies of methods for determining changes in the muscle mass of arms and legs are described. N-13 measurements were made in phantom and cadaver parts after neutron irradiation. The reproducibility in these measurements was found to be excellent and the radiation dose required to provide sufficient activation was determined. Potassium-40 measurements were made on persons who lost muscle mass due to leg injuries. It appears that K-40 measurements may provide the most accurate and convenient method for determining muscle mass changes.