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Tunable micro-optics / edited by Hans Zappe, University of Freiburg, Claudia Duppé, University of Freiburg

Published
Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Physical Description
1 online resource (xxvi, 449 pages) : illustrations
Additional Creators
Zappe, Hans P. and Duppé, Claudia
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Contents
Machine generated contents note: 1.Tunable Micro-optics -- 1.1.Introduction / Hans Zappe -- 1.2.Microlenses / Hans Zappe -- 1.2.1.Liquid Microlenses / Hans Zappe -- 1.2.2.Hydraulic Microlenses / Hans Zappe -- 1.2.3.Hydrodynamic Microlenses / Hans Zappe -- 1.2.4.Deformable Microlenses / Hans Zappe -- 1.2.5.Liquid Crystal Microlenses / Hans Zappe -- 1.3.Attenuators / Hans Zappe -- 1.3.1.Mechanical Attenuators / Hans Zappe -- 1.3.2.Fluidic Attenuators / Hans Zappe -- 1.4.Irises / Hans Zappe -- 1.4.1.Mechanical Irises / Hans Zappe -- 1.4.2.Fluidic Irises / Hans Zappe -- 1.5.Filters / Hans Zappe -- 1.5.1.Mechanically Tunable Filters / Hans Zappe -- 1.5.2.Thermally Tunable Filters / Hans Zappe -- 1.5.3.Chemically Tunable Filters / Hans Zappe -- 1.6.Diffractive Optics / Hans Zappe -- 1.6.1.Gratings / Hans Zappe -- 1.6.2.Fresnel Lenses / Hans Zappe -- 1.6.3.Other Diffractive Structures / Hans Zappe -- 1.7.Outlook / Hans Zappe -- References / Hans Zappe -- 2.Tunable Optics in Nature / Hans Zappe -- 2.1.Introduction / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 2.2.Movements of the Entire Eye / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 2.2.1.Continuous Eye Movements / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 2.2.2.Retinal Specialization and Saccadic Eye Movement / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 2.3.Distance Adjustment and Adapting Vision to Amphibious Conditions / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 2.3.1.Accommodation in Human Eyes: Example for Terrestrial Eyes / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 2.3.2.Accommodation in Fish Eyes: Representative for Aquatic Eyes / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 2.3.3.Chameleon Eyes: Accommodation as a Distance Cue / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 2.3.4.Accommodation in Diving Seabirds / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 2.4.Final Remarks / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- References / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 3.Soft-Matter Micro-optics / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 3.1.Introduction / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.2.Soft-Matter Micro-optics Based on Wetting Effects / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.2.1.Basic Equations / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.2.2.Actuation Mechanisms / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.2.3.Liquid Lenses / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.2.4.Systems and Applications / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.3.Soft-Matter Micro-optics Based on Elasticity / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.3.1.Elasticity Effects / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.3.2.Elastomer-Membrane Lenses / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.3.3.Other Developments in Elastomer Optics / Wolfgang Mönch -- 3.4.Conclusion and Summary / Wolfgang Mönch -- References / Wolfgang Mönch -- 4.Tunable Reflective Optics / Wolfgang Mönch -- 4.1.Introduction / David Dickensheets -- 4.2.History of Tunable Reflective Optics / David Dickensheets -- 4.3.Scanning and Pointing Mirrors (First-Order Phase Modulation) / David Dickensheets -- 4.3.1.Tilt Mirror Performance Metrics / David Dickensheets -- 4.3.2.MEMS Pointing and Scanning Mirrors / David Dickensheets -- 4.3.3.Mirror Designs for Greater Angular Scan Range / David Dickensheets -- 4.4.Focus Control Mirrors (Second-Order Phase Modulation) / David Dickensheets -- 4.4.1.Focusing Mirror Performance Metrics / David Dickensheets -- 4.4.2.MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Focus Control / David Dickensheets -- 4.4.3.Maintaining Diffraction-Limited Performance During Focus Adjustment / David Dickensheets -- 4.4.4.3D Scan Mirrors for Simultaneous Control of the x, y, z Position of the Beam Focus / David Dickensheets -- 4.4.5.Toward Greater Membrane Stroke and High-Resolution Focus Control / David Dickensheets -- 4.5.Aberration Correction Mirrors (Higher-Order Phase Modulation) / David Dickensheets -- 4.6.Other Tunable Reflective Optics / David Dickensheets -- 4.6.1.Spatial Light Modulators / David Dickensheets -- 4.6.2.Tunable Diffractive Optics / David Dickensheets -- 4.7.Looking Ahead / David Dickensheets -- Acknowledgment / David Dickensheets -- References / David Dickensheets -- 5.Tunable Liquid Lenses / David Dickensheets -- 5.1.Introduction / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 5.2.Mechanisms for Focal Length Tuning / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 5.3.Liquid Lens Design / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.3.1.Droplet as a Lens / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.3.2.Liquid Interfaces / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 5.3.3.Gravitational Effect / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 5.3.4.Temperature Effect / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 5.3.5.Centering of Optical Axis / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.3.6.Driving Voltage / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 5.3.7.Liquid Composition / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.3.8.Scaling / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.3.9.Packaging / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.4.Liquid Lenses / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 5.4.1.Mechanically Driven Liquid Lens / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.4.2.Electrically Driven Liquid Lenses / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.5.Applications / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.5.1.3D Illumination System / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 5.5.2.Correction of Presbyopia / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.5.3.Biomedical Imaging / J. Andrew Yeh / Yen-Sheng Lu -- 5.6.Conclusion / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- References / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 6.Optofluidic Micro-shutters and Micro-irises / Yen-Sheng Lu / J. Andrew Yeh -- 6.1.Introduction / Philipp Müller -- 6.1.1.Importance of Tunable Apertures / Philipp Müller -- 6.2.Fundamental Microfluidic Concepts / Philipp Müller -- 6.2.1.Liquids in the Microdomain / Philipp Müller -- 6.2.2.Liquids Adopt Minimal Surfaces / Philipp Müller -- 6.2.3.Electrowetting-on-Dielectrics as an Effective Micro-actuation Mechanism / Philipp Müller -- 6.3.State-of-the-Art of Optofluidic Tunable Apertures / Philipp Müller -- 6.4.Integrated Optofluidic Micro-shutter / Philipp Müller -- 6.4.1.Device Structure and Working Principle / Philipp Müller -- 6.4.2.Double Actuator Design / Philipp Müller -- 6.4.3.Fabrication / Philipp Müller -- 6.4.4.Measurements and Results / Philipp Müller -- 6.5.Integrated Optofluidic Micro-iris / Philipp Müller -- 6.5.1.Device Structure and Working Principle / Philipp Müller -- 6.5.2.Technological Aspects / Philipp Müller -- 6.5.3.Fabrication / Philipp Müller -- 6.5.4.Measurements and Results / Philipp Müller -- 6.6.Summary and Conclusion / Philipp Müller -- References / Philipp Müller -- 7.Solid Body Elastomeric Lenses / Philipp Müller -- 7.1.Introduction / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.2.Concept / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.3.Fabrication / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.3.1.Materials / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.3.2.Reaction Injection Molding / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.3.3.Doublet Fabrication / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.4.Actuation Techniques / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.5.Achromatic Doublet Lens / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.5.1.Design and Fabrication / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.5.2.Measurement Setup / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.5.3.Characterization / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.6.Tunable Focal Length / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.6.1.Simulation / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.6.2.Characterization / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.7.Tunable Aberrations / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.7.1.Un-actuated Characteristics / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.7.2.Tunable Astigmatism / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 7.8.Summary and Outlook / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- References / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 8.Spatially Tunable Polarization Devices / Sebastian Petsch / Peter Liebetraut / Hans Zappe -- 8.1.Introduction / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.2.System Design Overview / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.3.Photo Addressable Cell (PAC) / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.3.1.State-of-the-Art / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.3.2.Red Absorbing Azobenzenes and Their Photo-Isomerization / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.3.3.Photo-orientation of Films with Azobenzene Chromophores / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.3.4.Photoreversible Polarization Elements / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.3.5.Reversible Photo-alignment Based on Polyurethane Films / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.3.6.Reversible Photo-alignment Based on SAM Layers / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.4.Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.4.1.VCSEL Fabrication / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.4.2.VCSEL Characterization / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.5.Four Channel Micro-optical Addressing System / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten / Frederik Schaal -- 8.6.Integration into a Microscope Objective / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.7.Application of the System for Tunable Phase Contrast / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Susanne Weidenfeld / Wolfgang Osten -- 8.8.Summary and Outlook / Frederik Schaal / Michael Rutloh / Wolfgang Osten / Susanne Weidenfeld -- References / Frederik Schaal / Susanne Weidenfeld / Michael Rutloh / Wolfgang Osten --, Contents note continued: 9.Aluminum Nitride and Diamond Membranes for Tunable Micro-optics / Frederik Schaal / Wolfgang Osten / Susanne Weidenfeld / Michael Rutloh -- 9.1.Introduction / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- 9.2.Optical Design / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- 9.2.1.Spherical Membrane Bending for Focal Length Tuning / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- 9.2.2.Nonspherical Membrane Bending for Enhanced Optical Performance / Steffen Leopold / Daniel Pätz / Fabian Knöbber -- 9.3.Aluminum Nitride Membranes for Tunable Micro-optics / Fabian Knöbber / Steffen Leopold / Daniel Pätz -- 9.3.1.Mechanical Properties / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- 9.3.2.Optical Properties / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- 9.3.3.Thermal Properties / Fabian Knöbber / Steffen Leopold / Daniel Pätz -- 9.4.Nanocrystalline Diamond Membranes for Tunable Micro-optics / Fabian Knöbber / Steffen Leopold / Daniel Pätz -- 9.4.1.Growth of Nanocrystalline Diamond / Fabian Knöbber / Steffen Leopold / Daniel Pätz -- 9.4.2.Mechanical Properties of Diamond Membranes / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- 9.4.3.Electrical Properties of Diamond Membranes / Fabian Knöbber / Steffen Leopold / Daniel Pätz -- 9.4.4.Optical Properties of Diamond Membranes / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- 9.5.Conclusion and Outlook / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- References / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- 10.Piezoelectrically Actuated Tunable Microlenses / Steffen Leopold / Fabian Knöbber / Daniel Pätz -- 10.1.Introduction / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.2.State of the Art / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.3.Minimalist Design for Adaptive Lenses / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.3.1.Working Principle / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.3.2.Theoretical Behaviour of the System / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.4.Materials / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.5.Fabrication / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.5.1.Fabrication of the Components / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.5.2.Priming and Assembly / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.6.Characterization / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.6.1.Opto-mechanical Behaviour / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.6.2.Optical Behaviour / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 10.7.Conclusion / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- References / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 11.Characterization of Micro-optics / Jan Draheim / Ulrike Wallrabe -- 11.1.Introduction / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.2.Some Basic Theory / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.2.1.Essential Optical Properties of a Tunable Lens / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.2.2.Chromatic Aberrations / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.2.3.Introduction to Primary or Third-Order Monochromatic Aberrations / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.2.4.Quality Criteria for Diffraction-Limited Lens Performance / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.3.Overview of Tunable Lens Testing Methods / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.3.1.Basic Characteristics of a Tunable Lens / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.3.2.Two-Beam Interference / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.3.3.Transmitted Light Measurements Using a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.4.Optical Characterization of a Voltage-Tunable Lens / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.4.1.Plane Wavefront Illumination to Determine the Focal Length Range / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.4.2.Spherical Wavefront Illumination to Determine the RMS Wavefront Error / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.4.3.Calculation of the Modulation Transfer Function Out of the Wavefront Map / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.4.4.Transmission Characteristics of the Tunable Lens / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 11.5.Conclusion and Perspectives / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- References / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 12.Photonic Crystals / Heidi Ottevaere / Lien Smeesters / Hugo Thienpont -- 12.1.Introduction / Olav Solgaard / Xuan Wu -- 12.2.Photonic Crystal Basics / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.2.1.Optical Modes in Photonic Crystafs / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.3.Photonic Crystal Types and Fabrication / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.3.1.Dielectric stacks / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.3.2.Nanobeams / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.3.3.Slabs / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.3.4.Yablonovite / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.3.5.Woodpile / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.3.6.Guided Assembly / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.4.Tuning of Photonic Crystals / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.4.1.Electro-optic Tuning / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.4.2.Plasma Effect Tuning / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.4.3.Index Tuning of Voids / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.4.4.Thermal Tuning / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.5.MEMS Photonic Crystal Tuning / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.5.1.Photonic Crystal MEMS Scanners / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.5.2.Photonic Crystal Fabry-Perot Resonators / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.5.3.Tuning by Evanescent Coupling - Photon Tunneling / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.5.4.Tuning by Breaking Symmetry / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.5.5.Tuning by Changing Boundary Conditions / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 12.6.Outlook / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- References / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 13.MEMS Scanners for OCT Applications / Xuan Wu / Olav Solgaard -- 13.1.Introduction / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.2.OCT System / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.2.1.Time-Domain OCT (TD-OCT) / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.2.2.Fourier-Domain OCT (FD-OCT) / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.2.3.Comparison of TD-OCT and FD-OCT / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.2.4.R&D of MEMS for FD-OCT / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.3.MEMS for Wavelength Tunable Source / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.3.1.Principle of External Cavity Laser / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.3.2.MEMS Scanner with Amplitude Magnification Mechanism / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.3.3.MEMS Scanner Fabrication Results / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.3.4.FD-OCT Measurement / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.4.MEMS for OCT Endoscope / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.4.1.Fiber Optic OCT / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.4.2.Electrothermal Scanner for OCT Endoscope / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.4.3.Electromagnetic Scanner for OCT Endoscope / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.4.4.Electrostatic Scanner for OCT Endoscopy / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.4.5.Effect of Electrical Shock on Body / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.5.All-Optical Fiber Endoscope System / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.5.1.Application of WDM System to Endoscope Optics / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.5.2.Low-voltage MEMS Scanner for All-Optical OCT / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.5.3.All-Optical OCT Results / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 13.6.Summary / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- References / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 14.Liquid Crystal Elastomer Micro-optics / Hiroshi Toshiyoshi / Changho Chong / Keiji Isamoto -- 14.1.Introduction / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.2.Liquid Crystal Elastomers / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.2.1.Structure / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.2.2.Orientation / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.2.3.Fabrication and Integration of Heaters / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.2.4.Characterization / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.3.The Liquid Crystal Elastomer Iris / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.3.1.Design and Fabrication / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.3.2.Mechanical and Optical Performance / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Stefan Schuhladen / Rudolf Zentel / Hans Zappe -- 14.4.The LCE-Actuated Elastomeric Lens / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.4.1.Lens Actuation Concepts / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.4.2.LCEs for Lens Actuation / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.4.3.Vectored Lens Actuation / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.4.4.Symmetric Lens Actuation / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 14.5.Integration: The Engineered Eyeball / Hans Zappe / Sebastian Petsch / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen / Richard Rix -- 14.6.Summary and Outlook / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- References / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / S, and Contents note continued: 15.Adaptive Scanning Micro-eye / Sebastian Petsch / Richard Rix / Hans Zappe / Rudolf Zentel / Stefan Schuhladen -- 15.1.Introduction / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.2.Design of a Tunable Scanning Micro-eye / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.2.1.Tunable Zoom System / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.2.2.Scanning with Tunable Prism / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.2.3.Scanning with Laterally Shifted Cylindrical Lenses / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.2.4.Depth of Focus of a Tunable Aperture / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.3.Tunable Membrane Lenses and Prisms Fabricated in A1N / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.3.1.Tunable A1N Membrane Lenses / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.3.2.Tunable Prisms with Electro-Thermal Actuation / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.4.Tunable Micro-iris / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.4.1.Electrochromism / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.4.2.Fabrication / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.4.3.Characterization / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.5.Multisegment Piezo Lens / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.5.1.Design of the Piezo Lens / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.5.2.Fabrication / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.5.3.Characterization / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.6.Integration of the Scanning Micro-eye / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.6.1.Imaging and Scanning with Tunable Cylindrical Lenses / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.6.2.Tunable Lens Integration / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.6.3.Anamorphic Zoom with Cylindrical Lenses / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.6.4.Integration for Multifunctional Actuation / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 15.7.Conclusion and Perspectives / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- References / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 16.Hyperspectral Eye / Daniel Patz / Tobias Deutschmann / Verena Zurbig / Steffen Leopold -- 16.1.Hyperspectral Imaging / Ulrike Wallrabe / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster / Moritz Stormer -- 16.1.1.The Natural Model / Ulrike Wallrabe / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster / Moritz Stormer -- 16.1.2.Technical Implementation / Ulrike Wallrabe / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster / Moritz Stormer -- 16.2.State-of-the-Art of Adaptive Elements for Hyperspectral Imaging / Ulrike Wallrabe / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster / Moritz Stormer -- 16.2.1.Dispersive Elements / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 16.2.2.Refractive Elements / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 16.2.3.Diffractive Elements / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster -- 16.2.4.Variable and Scanning Slit Apertures / Ulrike Wallrabe / Erik Förster / Moritz Stormer / Robert Brunner -- 16.3.Combining Lateral and Hyperspectral Imaging / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster -- 16.4.Lateral Imaging Unit / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 16.5.Spectral Imaging Unit / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster -- 16.5.1.Variable and Scanning Slit Aperture / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 16.5.2.Switchable Grating / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster -- 16.6.System Evaluation / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 16.6.1.Demonstrator Setup / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster -- 16.6.2.Results / Ulrike Wallrabe / Erik Förster / Moritz Stormer / Robert Brunner -- 16.7.Conclusion / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster -- References / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Erik Förster / Robert Brunner -- 17.Plenoptic Cameras / Ulrike Wallrabe / Moritz Stormer / Robert Brunner / Erik Förster -- 17.1.History of Light Field Capturing / Sylvia Gebhardt / Andreas Tünnermann / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.2.Adaptive Plenoptic Imaging Systems / Henning Fouckhardt / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt -- 17.2.1.Preliminary Consideration / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.2.2.Light Field Camera with Actuated Imaging Microlens Array / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.3.Screen Printed Piezoelectric Actuators / Sylvia Gebhardt / Andreas Tünnermann / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.3.1.Piezoceramic Thick Film Technology / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.3.2.Through-Thickness and In-Plane Excitation / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.3.3.Actuator Design / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.3.4.Actuator Performance / Sylvia Gebhardt / Andreas Tünnermann / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.3.5.Monolithic Actuator Platform / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.4.Actuated Micro-iris Array / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.4.1.Preliminary Consideration / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.4.2.Iris Arrays in Plenoptic Cameras / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- 17.5.Conclusion / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt -- References / Andreas Tünnermann / Sylvia Gebhardt / Henning Fouckhardt.
Subject(s)
ISBN
9781316479384 electronic bk.
1316479382 electronic bk.
9781139506052 electronic bk.
1139506056 electronic bk.
Bibliography Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Source of Acquisition
Purchased with funds from the J. Harvey Fahnestock Endowment for Scientific, Engineering and Rare Books; 2015
Endowment Note
J. Harvey Fahnestock Endowment for Scientific, Engineering and Rare Books
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