Wireless positioning technologies and applications / Alan Bensky
- Author:
- Bensky, Alan, 1939-
- Published:
- Boston, Mass. : Artech House, [2016]
- Edition:
- Second edition.
- Physical Description:
- xiv, 401 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm.
- Series:
- GNSS technology and applications series
- Contents:
- Machine generated contents note: 1.1.Fundamentals and Terms -- 1.1.1.Basic Measurements -- 1.1.2.Terms -- 1.2.Applications -- 1.2.1.Cellular Networks -- 1.2.2.Person and Asset Tracking -- 1.2.3.Wireless Network Security -- 1.2.4.Location-Based Advertising -- 1.2.5.Location Services for Vehicles and Traffic -- 1.2.6.New and Developing Wireless Location Applications and Technologies -- 1.3.Overview of Distance Measurement and Location Methods -- 1.4.Organization of the Book -- References -- 2.1.Signal Parameters -- 2.1.1.Time Resolution -- 2.1.2.Pulse Width and Duty Cycle -- 2.1.3.Bandwidth -- 2.1.4.Noise -- 2.1.5.Pulse Compression -- 2.2.Basics of Location -- 2.2.1.Rho-Theta -- 2.2.2.Theta-Theta or AOA -- 2.2.3.Rho-Rho or TOA -- 2.2.4.TDOA and Hyperbolic Curves -- 2.3.Errors and Accuracy Measures and Error Estimation -- 2.3.1.Statistical Measures of Accuracy -- 2.3.2.Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) -- 2.4.Navigation Systems -- 2.4.1.DME -- 2.4.2.VOR -- 2.4.3.Loran-C -- 2.4.4.eLoran -- 2.4.5.DECCA -- 2.4.6.OMEGA -- 2.4.7.Transit -- 2.5.Conclusion -- References -- 3.1.Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) -- 3.1.1.Transmitter and Receiver Configurations for DSSS -- 3.1.2.DSSS Waveforms -- 3.1.3.Despreading and Correlation -- 3.1.4.Code Sequence Generation -- 3.1.5.Synchronization -- 3.1.6.Velocity Estimation -- 3.2.Acquisition -- 3.2.1.Code Acquisition -- 3.2.2.Carrier Acquisition -- 3.2.3.Code Rate Matching -- 3.2.4.Effect of Data Modulation on Acquisition -- 3.2.5.Radiometric Detection -- 3.3.Tracking -- 3.3.1.Carrier Tracking -- 3.3.2.Code Tracking -- 3.4.Measurement of Elapsed Time -- 3.4.1.One-Way Systems -- 3.4.2.Two-Way Systems -- 3.4.3.The Time Measurement Process -- 3.4.4.High-Resolution Elapsed Time-Measuring Receiver -- 3.4.5.Duplex and Half-Duplex Two-Way Ranging Examples -- 3.4.6.Sequence Length and Chip Period -- 3.5.Propagation Time Resolution -- 3.5.1.Tracking Accuracy and Noise -- 3.5.2.Multipath -- 3.5.3.Increased Range Resolution Using Carrier Phase -- 3.6.Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) -- 3.7.OFDM Synchronization -- 3.7.1.Correlation -- 3.7.2.802.11 Synchronization -- 3.8.LTE Principle of Operation -- 3.8.1.LTE Synchronization -- 3.8.2.LTE Positioning -- 3.9.Conclusion -- References -- 4.1.Principle of Multicarrier Phase Measurement -- 4.2.Phase Slope Method -- 4.3.Phase Error Versus Signal-to-Noise Ratio -- 4.4.Estimation of Distance Variance Versus SNR -- 4.5.Multipath -- 4.6.System Implementation -- 4.6.1.Phase Difference Measurements and Analogy to TDOA -- 4.6.2.Phase of Arrival in Passive Reflection Link -- 4.7.OFDM -- 4.7.1.The Basics of OFDM -- 4.7.2.OFDM Distance Measurement -- 4.7.3.Location Based on OFDM Distance Measurement -- 4.7.4.Resolution of OFDM Distance Measurement -- 4.8.Conclusion -- References -- 5.1.Advantages and Problems in RSS Location -- 5.2.Propagation Laws -- 5.2.1.Free Space -- 5.2.2.Open Field -- 5.2.3.Logarithmic Approximation -- 5.2.4.Randomizing Term X -- 5.2.5.Outdoor Path Loss Versus Distance -- 5.2.6.Finding Range from Received Signal Strength -- 5.3.RSS Location Methods -- 5.3.1.RSS Location from Range Estimations -- 5.3.2.RSS Location Based on Database Comparison -- 5.4.Conclusion -- References -- 6.1.Time Transfer -- 6.1.1.Time Transfer Basics -- 6.1.2.Calibration Constants -- 6.1.3.Range Uncertainty -- 6.1.4.Uses of Two-Way Time Transfer -- 6.2.TOA Methods of Location -- 6.2.1.Overdetermined TOA Equation Solution -- 6.2.2.TOA Method in GPS Positioning -- 6.3.TDOA -- 6.3.1.TDOA Measurement Techniques -- 6.3.2.Multilateral and Unilateral Topologies for TDOA -- 6.3.3.TDOA Geometric Model -- 6.3.4.TDOA Examples -- 6.4.Performance Impairment -- 6.4.1.Uncertainties in Data Measurement -- 6.4.2.Random Noise -- 6.4.3.Dilution of Precision (DOP) -- 6.4.4.Multipath -- 6.4.5.Cochannel Interference -- 6.5.Conclusion -- References -- 7.1.Triangulation -- 7.2.Antenna Performance Terms and Definitions -- 7.3.Finding Direction from Antenna Patterns -- 7.4.Direction-Finding Methods -- 7.4.1.Amplitude Comparison -- 7.4.2.Phase Interferometer -- 7.5.Electronically Steerable Beam Antennas -- 7.6.ESPAR Antenna Array -- 7.7.Super-Resolution -- 7.8.Direction Finding with MIMO -- 7.9.Conclusion -- References -- 8.1.GPS Basics -- 8.2.GPS Modernization -- 8.3.Global Navigation Satellite Systems -- 8.4.GNSS Position Estimation -- 8.5.Differential GNSS -- 8.6.Carrier Phase Positioning -- 8.6.1.Single Differencing -- 8.6.2.Double Differencing -- 8.7.GNSS Data Output Format -- 8.8.Conclusion -- References -- 9.1.Cellular Location-Based Services -- 9.2.Categories of Location Systems -- 9.3.E911 Call Location Requirements -- 9.4.Cellular Network Fundamentals -- 9.4.1.GSM Transmissions -- 9.4.2.CDMA -- 9.4.3.UMTS -- 9.5.Cell ID -- 9.6.GPS Cellular Positioning -- 9.7.Location Technologies Using TDOA -- 9.7.1.Enhanced Observed Time Differences (E-OTD) -- 9.7.2.Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) -- 9.7.3.Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (U-TDOA) -- 9.8.Angle of Arrival (AOA) -- 9.9.Received Signal Strength and Pattern Recognition -- 9.10.Problems and Solutions in Cellular Network Positioning -- 9.10.1.Narrowband Networks -- 9.10.2.CDMA -- 9.10.3.GSM -- 9.11.LTE Positioning -- 9.12.Accuracy Factors -- 9.13.Conclusion -- References -- 10.1.WLAN/Wi-Fi -- 10.1.1.TOA -- 10.1.2.TDOA Methods for WLAN Location -- 10.1.3.Fingerprinting -- 10.2.Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) -- 10.2.1.Bluetooth -- 10.2.2.ZigBee -- 10.2.3.Alternate Low-Rate WPAN Physical Layer IEEE 802.15.4a -- 10.2.4.ECMA-368 Standard -- 10.3.RFID -- 10.3.1.Proximity Location -- 10.3.2.UHF RFID with Reference Tags -- 10.3.3.RFID Location with TOF and AOA -- 10.3.4.Distance Bounding for Security -- 10.4.Conclusion -- References -- 11.1.Telecommunication Authority Regulations -- 11.1.1.FCC Regulations -- 11.1.2.UWB in the European Community -- 11.2.UWB Implementation -- 11.2.1.Impulse Radio UWB -- 11.2.2.OFDM -- 11.3.IEEE 802.15.4a for Ranging -- 11.3.1.Physical Layer Characteristics and Synchronization -- 11.3.2.Ranging Protocol -- 11.4.Dealing with Multipath and Non-Line-of-Sight -- 11.4.1.Multipath -- 11.4.2.Non-Line-of-Sight -- 11.5.Conclusion -- References -- 12.1.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) -- 12.2.Kalman Filter -- 12.2.1.Basic Kalman Filter -- 12.2.2.Extended Kalman Filter -- 12.3.Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) -- 12.3.1.MIMO Principles -- 12.3.2.MIMO Positioning -- 12.4.Data Fusion -- 12.4.1.Hybrid Systems -- 12.4.2.Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) -- 12.4.3.Data Fusion with INS -- 12.5.Near-Field Positioning -- 12.6.Conclusion -- References.
- Subject(s):
- ISBN:
- 1608079511
9781608079513 - Bibliography Note:
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
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