Polar materials and effects -- The necessary conditions for macroscopic polarization -- The flexoelectric polarization -- The SmA*-SmC* transition and the helical C* state -- Electrooptics in the surface-stabilized state -- Dielectric spectroscopy: to find the [gamma] and [epsilon] tensor components -- FLC device structures and local-layer geometry -- FLC devices -- Digital grey and color -- Elastic properties of smectics -- Smectic elasticity applied to SSFLC cells -- Antiferroelectric liquid crystals.