Part I: the disenchantment and re-enchantment of music. Vincenzo Galilei, modernity and the division of nature / Daniel K.L. Chua ; "'Tis nature's voice": music, natural philosophy and the hidden world in seventeenth-century England / Linda Phyllis Austern ; The "gift of nature": musical instinct and musical cognition in Rameau / David E. Cohen ; Nietzsche, Riemann, Wagner: when music lies / Leslie David Blasius -- Part II: Natural forms - forming nature. The second nature of sonata form / Scott Burnham ; August Halm's two cultures as nature / Alexander Rehding ; Seduced by notation: Oettingen's topography of the major-minor system / Suzannah Clark -- Part III: constructions of identity. The gendered eye: music analysis and the scientific outlook in German early Romantic music theory / Ian Biddle ; On the primitives of music theory: the savage and subconscious as sources of analytical authority / Peter A. Hoyt.