Introduction -- The historical evolution of welfare systems in Latin America -- Theoretical framework and main hypotheses -- Determinants of social spending in Latin America -- Chile : a classic Latin American welfare state under authoritarian stress (1973-1989) and democratic reinvention (1990-2000) -- Costa Rica : globalization, gradual reform, and the politics of compensation, 1973-2002 -- Peru : political instability, regime change and late economic reform in a (non)-welfare state, 1973-2000 -- Conclusion : summary and final reflections on the sustainability and effectiveness of Latin American welfare systems.