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Sodiation kinetics of metal oxide conversion electrodes [electronic resource] : A comparative study with lithiation

Published
Washington, D.C. : United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences, 2015.
Oak Ridge, Tenn. : Distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy
Physical Description
pages 5,755-5,763 : digital, PDF file
Additional Creators
Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States. Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and United States. Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information
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Summary
The development of sodium ion batteries (NIBs) can provide an alternative to lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for sustainable, low-cost energy storage. However, due to the larger size and higher m/e ratio of the sodium ion compared to lithium, sodiation reactions of candidate electrodes are expected to differ in significant ways from the corresponding lithium ones. In this work, we investigated the sodiation mechanism of a typical transition metal-oxide, NiO, through a set of correlated techniques, including electrochemical and synchrotron studies, real-time electron microscopy observation, and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We found that a crystalline Na₂O reaction layer that was formed at the beginning of sodiation plays an important role in blocking the further transport of sodium ions. In addition, sodiation in NiO exhibits a “shrinking-core” mode that results from a layer-by-layer reaction, as identified by ab initio MD simulations. For lithiation, however, the formation of Li anti-site defects significantly distorts the local NiO lattice that facilitates Li insertion, thus enhancing the overall reaction rate. These observations delineate the mechanistic difference between sodiation and lithiation in metal-oxide conversion materials. More importantly, our findings identify the importance of understanding the role of reaction layers on the functioning of electrodes and thus provide critical insights into further optimizing NIB materials through surface engineering.
Report Numbers
E 1.99:bnl--108330-2015-ja
bnl--108330-2015-ja
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Other Subject(s)
Note
Published through SciTech Connect.
08/19/2015.
"bnl--108330-2015-ja"
"KC0403020"
Nano Letters 15 9 ISSN 1530-6984 AM
He, Kai; Lin, Feng; Zhu, Yizhou; Yu, Xiqian; Li, Jing; Lin, Ruoqian; Nordlund, Dennis; Weng, Tsu; Richards, Ryan; Yang, Xiao; Doeff, Marca; Stach, Eric; Mo, Yifei; Xin, Huolin; Su, Dong.
Funding Information
SC00112704
View MARC record | catkey: 23765696