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Revealing Anisotropic Spinel Formation on Pristine Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Oxide Surface and Its Impact on Cathode Performance [electronic resource].

Published:
Washington, D.C. : United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2017.
Oak Ridge, Tenn. : Distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy
Physical Description:
Article numbers 1,602,010 : digital, PDF file
Additional Creators:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, United States. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, United States. Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and United States. Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information
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Summary:
Surface properties of cathode particles play important roles in the transport of ions and electrons and they may ultimately dominate cathode's performance and stability in lithium-ion batteries. Through the use of carefully prepared Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 crystal samples with six distinct morphologies, surface transition-metal redox activities and crystal structural transformation are investigated as a function of surface area and surface crystalline orientation. Complementary depth-profiled core-level spectroscopy, namely, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, are applied in the study, presenting a fine example of combining advanced diagnostic techniques with a well-defined model system of battery materials. Here, we report the following findings: (1) a thin layer of defective spinel with reduced transition metals, similar to what is reported on cycled conventional secondary particles in the literature, is found on pristine oxide surface even before cycling, and (2) surface crystal structure and chemical composition of both pristine and cycled particles are facet dependent. Oxide structural and cycling stabilities improve with maximum expression of surface facets stable against transition-metal reduction. Finally, the intricate relationships among morphology, surface reactivity and structural transformation, electrochemical performance, and stability of the cathode materials are revealed.
Report Numbers:
E 1.99:1369400
Subject(s):
Note:
Published through SciTech Connect.
01/06/2017.
Advanced Energy Materials 7 11 ISSN 1614-6832 AM
Saravanan Kuppan; Alpesh Khushalchand Shukla; Daniel Membreno; Dennis Nordlund; Guoying Chen.
Funding Information:
AC02-76SF00515
AC02-05CH11231
View MARC record | catkey: 24055283