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Membrane Technology : Sustainable Solutions in Water, Health, Energy and Environmental Sectors / edited by Sundergopal Sridhar

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Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2018.
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1 online resource
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Sridhar, Sundergopal
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Contents
Machine generated contents note: 1.Processing of Complex Industrial Effluents and Gaseous Mixtures through Innovative Membrane Technology -- 1.1.Introduction / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.1.1.Impact of Industrial Effluents and Off-Gases on the Environment / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.1.2.Mechanisms of Mass Transfer in Hydrostatic Pressure-Driven Membrane Process and Gas Permeation / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.1.3.Objectives of the Work and Scope for Membrane Technology to Meet Challenges / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.2.Case Study on Chloride Separation from Coke Oven Wastewater in Steel Industry / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.2.1.Source of Chloride Effluent / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.2.2.Synthesis of Nanofiltration Membrane / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.2.3.Nanofiltration Process for Treatment of TATA Steel Industrial Effluent of 5 3/h Capacity / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.3.Recovery of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solvent from Pharmaceutical Effluent / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.3.1.Source of Pharmaceutical Effluent / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.3.2.Design and Commissioning of Electrodialysis Pilot Plant of Z500 L/batch/day / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.4.Decolorization of Aqueous Sodium Thiocyanate Solution in Acrylic Fiber Industry / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.4.1.Origin of Textile Effluent / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.4.2.Depiction of Nanofiltration Process / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.4.3.Design and Installation of Pilot Nanofiltration Plant of 6,000 L/batch/day / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.5.Effluent Treatment for Chloralkali Industry / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.6.Application of Ultrafiltration in Wastewater Treatment / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.Separation of Industrial Off-Gases and Process Gas Mixtures / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.1.Membranes for Gas Separation / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.1.1.Poly(ether-block-amide) Membrane / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.1.2.Silver tetrafluoroborate Loaded Pebax Membrane / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.1.3.Cobalt(II) phthalocyanine Incorporated Pebax Membrane / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.1.4.Matrimid Hollow Fiber Module / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.1.5.Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Module / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.1.6.Poly(ether ether ketone) Hollow Fiber Module / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.1.7.Palladium Coated Ceramic Tubular Membrane / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.2.Experimental Description of Laboratory Gas Separation Unit / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.3.Membrane Performance for Gas Separation / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.3.1.Separation of H2 and N2 / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.3.2.Separation of CO2 and N2 / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.3.3.Separation of O2 and N2 / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.3.4.Recovery of Propylene from Refinery Fuel Gas Mixture / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.3.5.Separation of Propane/Propylene Binary Gas Mixture / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.7.3.6.Natural Gas Sweetening / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 1.8.Conclusions and Future Perspectives / Sundergopal Sridhar -- References / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 2.Comprehensive Process Solutions for Chemical and Allied Industries Using Membranes / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 2.1.Introduction / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.2.Milestones on Industrial Applications of Membrane Technology in India / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.3.Membrane Development and Scale-Up / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.4.Industrial Process Solutions / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.4.1.Health / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.4.2.Biotechnology / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.4.3.Food and Dairy / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.4.4.Energy / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.4.5.Wastewater Treatment / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.4.6.Ultrapure Water Production / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 2.5.Conclusions / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- References / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 3.An Insight into Various Approaches toward Flux Enhancement and Fouling Mitigation of Membranes during Nano and Ultrafiltration / Sundergopal Sridhar / Satya Jai Mayor -- 3.1.Introduction / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.2.Principle and Mechanism / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.3.Core Issues: Concentration Polarization and Membrane Fouling / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.4.Feed Pretreatment / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.4.1.Coagulation/Flocculation / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.4.2.Adsorption / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.4.3.Advanced Oxidation / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.5.Imparting Fluid Instabilities / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.5.1.Rotating Disk Module / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.5.2.Turbulence Promoters and Secondary Flow / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.5.3.Ultrasonic Irradiation / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.5.4.Flow Reversal and Pulsating Flow / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.6.Air Sparging and Gas Slug / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.7.Membrane Surface Modification / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 3.8.Conclusion and Future Outlook / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- References / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 4.Fabrication and Applications of Functionalized Membranes in Drinking Water Treatment / Tejal M. Patel / Kaushik Nath -- 4.1.Introduction / Somak Chatterjee / Sirshendu De -- 4.1.1.Different Classes of Membranes / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.1.2.Utilities of Different Membranes in Water Treatment / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.1.3.Organic and Inorganic Membranes / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.1.4.Organic-Inorganic Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.2.Synthesis and Fabrication of MMMs / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.3.Application of Organic-Inorganic Mixed Matrix Membranes for Water Purification / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.3.1.Literature Survey / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.3.2.Morphological, Mineralogical and Surface Roughness Variation / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.3.3.Improvement in Membrane Inherent Properties / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.3.4.Improvement in Specific Rejection Capability of Different Ions / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.4.Cost Analysis of Mixed Matrix Membrane Processes / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 4.5.Conclusions / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- Nomenclature / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- References / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 5.Design of Highly Compact and Cost-Effective Water Purification Systems for Promoting Rural and Urban Welfare / Sirshendu De / Somak Chatterjee -- 5.1.Introduction / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.2.Overview of Water Purification Processes / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.2.1.Chemical Coagulation and Flocculation / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.2.2.Adsorption / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.2.3.Ion Exchange Resins / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.2.4.Disinfection by Chlorine, Ultraviolet Light and Ozonation / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.2.5.Membrane Processes / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.3.Nanofiltration / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.3.1.Principle and Applications / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.3.2.Nanofiltration of Ground/Surface Water Purification / B. Govardhan / Sundergopal Sridhar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Y.V.L. Ravikumar -- 5.4.Reverse Osmosis / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.4.1.Principle and Mechanism of Mass Transfer / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.4.2.Fluoride Contamination of Ground Water / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.4.3.Laboratory Experiments on Separation of Fluoride from Drinking Water / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.4.4.Experimental Procedure for Reverse Osmosis System / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.4.5.Equations for Calculation of Operating Parameters / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.4.5.1.Permeate Flux / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar / B. Govardhan -- 5.4.5.2.Rejection Efficiency / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.4.5.3.Water Recovery (%) / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.5.Analytical Procedures / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.5.1.Fluoride Analysis / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.5.2.Potable Quality Analysis by H2S Vial Method / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.5.3.Analysis for E. Coli and Total Coliform Bacteria / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.6.Effect of Operating Parameters / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.6.1.Effect of Feed Pressure on Pure Water Flux / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.6.2.Flux and Rejection for Synthetic Fluoride Feed / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.7.Defluoridation in Rural Areas / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar --, Contents note continued: 5.7.1.Methods for Treatment of Reject Stream for Water Recycle for Safe Disposal / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.8.Urban Deployments / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.9.Ultrafiltration for Purification of Surface Water / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.9.1.Hollow Fiber Membranes for Surface Water Treatment / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.9.2.Hand Pump Operated Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar / B. Govardhan -- 5.9.2.1.Submerged Membrane Module with Suction Mode of Operation / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.9.2.2.External Membrane Module for Positive Hydrostatic Feed Pressure / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.10.Concentration Polarization and Fouling / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.11.Membrane Cleaning and Storage / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 5.12.Conclusions / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- Acknowledgments / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- References / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 6.Ceramic Membrane Based Community Model Plants for Arsenic Decontamination from Ground Water and Quality Drinking Water Supply / B. Govardhan / Y.V.L. Ravikumar / Sankaracharya M. Sutar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 6.1.Introduction / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.1.1.Global Issue / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.1.2.Permissible Limits of Arsenic Content in Drinking Water / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.2.Nature of the Problem on Arsenic Contamination in Ground Water / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.2.1.Arsenic Contamination in Ground Water-Arsenic Speciation / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.2.2.Co-Contaminants in Ground Water / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.3.Technologies for Arsenic Removal in Drinking Water / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.3.1.Conventional Technologies for Arsenic Removal / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.3.2.Shortcomings of Conventional Technologies / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.4.Membrane-Based Processes for Decontamination of Arsenic / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.4.1.High-Pressure Membrane Processes / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.4.2.Low-Pressure Point-of-Use (POU) Systems / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.5.Ceramic Membrane-Based Process for Decontamination of Arsenic / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.6.Hybrid Process for Decontamination of Arsenic Using Low-Cost Ceramic Membrane / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.6.1.Adsorbent Preparation and Selection / Mainak Majumder / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay -- 6.6.2.Bench Scale Studies Under Cross-Flow Microfiltration Conditions Using Ceramic Membrane / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.6.3.Adsorption Studies Under Dynamic Condition Using Arsenic-Spiked Tap Water / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.6.4.Adsorption Capacity Under Cross-Flow Condition / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.6.5.Effect of Dynamic Membrane Formation during Cross-Flow Microfiltration Experiments Using Natural Ground Water / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.6.6.Role of Dynamic Membrane Formation on Removal of Arsenic / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.6.7.Findings of Bench Scale Trial / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.7.Pilot Plant Trials for Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Natural Ground Water / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.7.1.Performance Evaluation for Production of Quality Drinking Water / Mainak Majumder / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay -- 6.7.2.Sustainability of the Technology / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 6.8.Conclusions / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- Acknowledgments / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- References / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 7.Forward Osmosis: An Efficient and Economical Alternative for Water Reclamation and Concentration of Food Products & Beverages / Sibdas Bandyopadhyay / Mainak Majumder -- 7.1.Introduction and Background / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.1.1.Example Benefits / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.1.2.Commercial Adoption / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.1.3.Technical Background / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.2.Key Membranes and Desired Properties for FO / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.3.Concentration Polarization / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.3.1.External Concentration Polarization (ECP) / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.3.2.ECP Model / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.3.3.Internal Concentration Polarization / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.3.4.Model for Concentrative Internal Concentration Polarization / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.3.5.Model for Dilutive Internal Concentration Polarization (DICP) / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.4.Forward Osmosis Membrane Properties / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.4.1.TFC-FO Membrane Structure and Modification / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.4.2.Hydrophilic TFC-FO Membranes for Enhanced Antifouling Properties / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.5.Forward Osmosis Membrane Module Configurations: Advantages and Disadvantages / Ravindra Revanur -- 7.6.Effect of Draw / Ravindra Revanur -- Conclusions / Ravindra Revanur -- References / Ravindra Revanur -- 8.Low-Cost Production of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Sweetener from Stevia Leaves by Diafiltration Membrane Process / Ravindra Revanur -- 8.1.Introduction / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.1.1.History of Stevia Glycosides / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.1.2.Botanical Description of the Plant / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.2.Applications of Stevia / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.2.1.Milk and Food Products / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani -- 8.2.2.Essential Oil and Fatty Acids / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.2.3.Health Benefits of Stevia / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.3.Separation Processes for Stevia Isolation / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.4.Role of Membranes in Stevia Glycosides Isolation / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.4.1.Important Equations / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.5.Hexane Extraction / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.6.Water Extraction / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.7.Case Study 1: Bench Scale Experimental Trials / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.7.1.Performance of Ceramic Tubular Microfiltration Module / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.7.2.Performance of Ultrafiltration Based Diafiltration Process / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.7.3.Performance of Hydrophilized Polyamide Nanofiltration Membrane / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.8.Case Study 2: Pilot Scale Experimental Trials / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.8.1.Extraction of Stevia by Ultrafiltration / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 8.8.2.Concentration of Stevia by Nanofiltration / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 9.Operation and Maintenance Costs / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.Conclusions and Future Scope / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- Nomenclature / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- References / Shaik Nazia / Bukke Vani / Suresh K. Bhargava / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 9.Microfiltration Membranes: Fabrication and Application / Sundergopal Sridhar / Suresh K. Bhargava / Bukke Vani / Shaik Nazia -- 9.1.Introduction / Mihir Kumar Purkait / Randeep Singh / Mehabub Rahaman / Barun Kumar Nandi -- 9.2.Membrane Materials and Trade-Offs / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mihir Kumar Purkait / Randeep Singh / Mehabub Rahaman -- 9.2.1.Ceramic Membranes / Mihir Kumar Purkait / Randeep Singh / Mehabub Rahaman / Barun Kumar Nandi -- 9.2.2.Polymeric Membranes / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mihir Kumar Purkait / Randeep Singh / Mehabub Rahaman -- 9.2.3.Polymeric vs. Ceramic Membranes / Mihir Kumar Purkait / Randeep Singh / Mehabub Rahaman / Barun Kumar Nandi -- 9.2.4.Polymer-Ceramic Composite Membranes / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.3.General Methods of Preparation of Microfiltration Membranes / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.3.1.Ceramic Membrane Preparation Techniques / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.3.2.Materials for Ceramic Membranes / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.3.3.Important Parameters Influencing Ceramic Membrane Structure / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.3.4.Structural Material / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.3.5.Pore Forming Material / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.3.6.Binder Material / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait --, Contents note continued: 9.3.7.Sintering Temperature / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.4.Characterization Techniques / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.4.1.Characterization Techniques for Membranes / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.4.2.Surface Morphology / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.4.3.Average Pore Size and Pore Size Distribution / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.4.4.Porosity and Structural Density / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.4.5.Liquid Permeation Characterization / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.4.6.Gas Transport Characteristics / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.Applications of Microfiltration Membranes / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.1.Treatment of Oily Wastewater Using Ceramic Membrane / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.1.1.Effect of Trans-Membrane Pressure on Flux / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.1.2.Effect of Trans-Membrane Pressure on Oil Separation / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.1.3.Identification of Flux Decline Mechanism / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.2.Clarification of Sweet Lemon Juice by Microfiltration / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.2.1.Juice Preparation and Pretreatment / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.2.2.Microfiltration Studies / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.2.3.Effect of Operating Pressure on Permeate Flux / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.3.Separation of Bio-Molecules, Proteins, and Bacteria by Microfiltration / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.5.4.Pretreatment of Drinking Water / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 9.6.Conclusions / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- References / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 10.Hemodialysis Membranes for Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects / Barun Kumar Nandi / Mehabub Rahaman / Randeep Singh / Mihir Kumar Purkait -- 10.1.Introduction / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar / N.L. Gayatri -- 10.1.1.Kidney Function / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.1.2.Kidney Dysfunction / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.1.3.Hemodialysis / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.1.3.1.Dialyzer / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.2.Hemodialysis Membranes / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.2.1.Dialyzer Size and Efficiency / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.2.2.Reuse of Dialyzers / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.3.History of Dialysis Process / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.Hemodialysis Module Design / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.1.Design of Dialysis Cartridge / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.2.Mechanism of Dialysis / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.3.Parameters Influencing Hemodialysis / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.3.1.Clearance / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.3.2.OF Coefficient (KUF) / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.3.3.Mass Transfer Coefficient (k0A) / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.3.4.Dialysis Adequacy (Kt/V) / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.3.5.Transport Mechanisms / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.4.Features of Hemodialysis Fibers / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.4.5.Cost Estimation / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.5.Membrane Formation / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.5.1.Efficient Casting Machine for Spinning Hollow Fibers / Sundergopal Sridhar / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad -- 10.5.2.Spinneret for Dialysis Fibers / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.6.Drawbacks of Hemodialysis / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.7.Emerging Trends in Dialysis Research / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.7.1.Heparinization of Fibers / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.7.1.1.Progress on Antithrombogenic Continuous Hemofilter / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.7.2.Biocompatible Membranes / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.7.3.Innovative Membranes / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.7.4.Living Membranes / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.7.5.A Bioartificial Kidney System / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.7.5.1.Artificial Membrane for Bioartificial Tubule Devices / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.7.5.2.Formation of Tubular Epithelial Cells-Monolayer / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 10.8.Conclusions / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- References / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.Design of Cost-Effective Membrane Devices for Production of Potable Alkaline Ionized Water / N.L. Gayatri / N. Shiva Prasad / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.1.Introduction / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.1.1.Background / Sundergopal Sridhar / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Pavani Vadthya -- 11.1.2.Alkaline Water: Health Benefits / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.1.3.Principle of Electrolytic Ionization of Water / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.2.State-of-the-Art Water Electrolysis and Electrolyzers / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.3.Design of Device for Alkaline Ionized Water Production / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar / Pavani Vadthya -- 11.3.1.Operating Mechanism of AIW Device / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.3.2.Membrane Synthesis / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.3.2.1.Synthesis of Nonporous Cation Exchange Membrane / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.3.2.2.Synthesis of Flat Sheet Ultrafiltration Membrane / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.3.2.3.Synthesis of Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.3.3.Design and Operation of Electrolyzers / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.3.3.1.Table Top Electrolyzer / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.3.3.2.Batch Electrolyzer / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.3.3.3.Continuous Electrolyzer / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.4.Performance of Electrolyzers / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.4.1.Table Top Electrolyzer / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.4.2.Batch Electrolyzer / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.4.3.Continuous Hollow Fiber Based Electrolyzer / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.5.Economic Analysis / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 11.6.Conclusions / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- References / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar / Pavani Vadthya -- 12.Mass Transfer Modeling in Hollow Fiber Liquid Membrane Separation Processes / Pavani Vadthya / M. Praveen / C. Sumana / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 12.1.Introduction / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.2.Theory of Solute Transport in Liquid Membranes / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.3.Mass Transfer Modeling in Hollow Fiber Contactors / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.3.1.Diffusive Mass Transport Model / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.3.1.1.Diffusional-Kinematic Mass Transport Model / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.3.1.2.Mixed Kinetic Mass Transport Model / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.3.2.Flow and Mass Transfer Model / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.3.2.1.1-D Flow and Mass Transfer Models / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.3.2.2.2-D Flow and Mass Transfer Models / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby / Biswajit Swain -- 12.3.3.Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Based Models / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.3.3.1.CFD Case Studies of Solvent Extraction Processes / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 12.4.Conclusions and Future Perspective / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- Nomenclatures / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- References / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby -- 13.Design of Membrane Systems Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Molecular Modeling / Biswajit Swain / K.K. Singh / Anil Kumar Pabby --, Contents note continued: 13.1.Introduction / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 13.2.Overview of Molecular Modeling and CFD in Membrane Processes / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 13.2.1.Optimization of Pressure Driven Processes / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 13.2.2.Pervaporation / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 13.2.3.Forward Osmosis / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 13.2.4.Membrane Bioreactor / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 13.2.5.Other Membrane Processes / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 13.3.Conclusions / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- References / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 14.Carbon-Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes as Electrolytes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells / Siddhartha Moulik / Rehana Anjum Haldi / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 14.1.Introduction to Direct Methanol Fuel Cells / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.1.1.Challenges in DMFC / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.1.2.Membrane Electrolytes in DMFC / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.2.Functionalized Carbon Nanoadditives in PEMs / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.2.1.Carbon Nanotube Based Composite Membranes / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.2.2.Fullerene Based Composite Membranes / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.2.3.Carbon Nanofiber Based Membranes / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.3.Different Functionalization Routes for Additives / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.3.1.Characterization of Functionalized Additives / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.4.Fabrication of Composite Membranes / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.5.Effect of Functionalized Additives on Membrane Properties / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.5.1.Physico-Chemical Properties / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.5.2.Ion Exchange Capacity and Water Uptake / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.5.3.Proton Conductivity and Methanol Permeability / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.5.4.Oxidative Stability / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.5.5.Fuel Cell Polarization Studies / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 14.6.Conclusions / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- Acknowledgments / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- References / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 15.Bioethanol Production in a Pervaporation Membrane Bioreactor / Gutru Rambabu / Santoshkumar D. Bhat -- 15.1.Introduction / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.2.Production and Consumption Scenario of Bioethanol / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.3.Lignocellulose as Feedstock for Bioethanol Production / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.4.Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Feedstock / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.5.Fermentation / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.5.1.Types of Fermentation Processes / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.5.2.Fermentation with Immobilized Yeast / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.6.Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Systems / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.7.Theory of Pervaporation (PV) / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.8.Pervaporation Membranes for Extraction of Ethanol from Aqueous Solutions / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.9.Bioethanol Production in MBR / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.10.Economic Assessment of the Integrated Fermentation-Pervaporation Process / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 15.11.Conclusions / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- References / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 16.Recovery of Value-Added Products in Process Industries through Membrane Contactors / Anjali Jain / Satyendra P. Chaurasia / Ajay K. Dalai / Ravi Dhabhai -- 16.1.Introduction / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.2.Introduction to Membrane Contactor Systems / Rosilda Selvin / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 16.2.1.Liquid-Liquid Membrane Contactors / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.2.2.Membrane Distillation / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.2.2.1.Flux and Selectivity Calculations / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.3.Indigenous Membranes and Commercial Modules Investigated for Separation of Chemical Entities / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.4.Results and Discussion / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.4.1.Case Study 1: Reactive Extraction of Carboxylic Acids Using Indigenous Liquid-Liquid Membrane Contactor System / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.4.1.1.Reactive Extraction of Levulinic Acid from Industrial Effluent Using Microporous Polyvinyl Chloride Membrane / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.4.1.2.Reactive Extraction of Acrylic Acid from Synthetic Solution Using Ultraporous Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Blend Membrane / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.4.2.Case Study 2: Recovery of Hexane Volatile Solvent from Sunflower Oil Miscella Using Ultraporous PVC Membrane by Vacuum Membrane Distillation / M. Madhumala / Rosilda Selvin / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 16.4.2.1.Effect of Downstream Pressure on Membrane Selectivity and Total Flux / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 16.5.Conclusions and Future Prospects / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- Nomenclature / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- Subscripts / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- References / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 17.Recent Research Trends in Polymer Nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membranes for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Devices / M. Madhumala / Sundergopal Sridhar / Rosilda Selvin -- 17.1.Introduction / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 17.2.Veracities of Nafion in Fuel Cell and VRFB Environments / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 17.3.Need for Developing Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 17.3.1.Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for PEMFC and DMFC Applications / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 17.3.1.1.PFSA Based Nanocomposite Membranes / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana -- 17.3.1.2.Sulfonated Hydrocarbon Polymer Based Nanocomposite Membranes with Inorganic Oxides / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 17.3.2.Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for VRFB Applications / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 17.3.2.1.Tailored Nafion Based Nanocomposite Membranes for VRFB Applications / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 17.3.2.2.Sulfonated Hydrocarbon Polymer Based Nanocomposite Membranes for VRFB Applications / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 17.4.Conclusions / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 17.5.Future Outlook / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- References / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 18.Polyion Complex Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications / A. Muthumeenal / A. Nagendran / D. Rana / M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi -- 18.1.Introduction / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.2.Challenges Facing Fuel Cells / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.3.Research Trends in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEMFC and DMFC / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.4.Types of Interactions in Acid-Base Blend Membranes / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.4.1.Dipole-Dipole/van der Waals Interactions / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.4.2.Hydrogen-Bonding Interaction Blend Membranes / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.4.3.Ionically Cross-Linked Acid-Base Blends and Acid-Base Ionomers / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.4.4.Covalently Cross-Linked Blends / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.4.5.Covalently and Ionically Cross-Linked Blends / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.5.Membrane Synthesis by Solution Casting and Solvent Evaporation Method / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar / F. Dileep Kumar -- 18.6.Membrane Characterization / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.6.1.Analytical Characterization / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.6.2.Physico-Chemical Characterization / F. Dileep Kumar / Harsha Nagar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 18.6.2.1.Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC) and Sorption Studies / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.6.2.2.Proton Conductivity / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.6.2.3.Methanol Permeability / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar --, Contents note continued: 18.7.Recent Trends in Acid-Base Blend Membranes / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.7.1.SPES-Based Blends / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.7.2.SPEEK-Based Blend Membrane / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.7.3.PBI-Based Blends / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.8.Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study for Acid-Base Blend Membranes / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.8.1.Construction of MD Simulation / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.8.1.1.Diffusion Coefficient and Ion-Conductivity / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.8.1.2.Radial Distribution Function (RDF) / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 18.9.Conclusions / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- References / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 19.Integrated Membrane Technology for Promoting Zero Liquid Discharge in Process Industries / F. Dileep Kumar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Harsha Nagar -- 19.1.Introduction / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.2.Current Status of Membrane Processes for Industrial Growth / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.3.Membrane Process Integration for Industrial Sustainability / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.4.Breakthrough Advancements of Membrane Processes in Industries / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.4.1.Electrodialysis / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.4.2.Pressure-Retarded Osmosis / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.4.3.Continuous Electro-Deionization / P. Anand / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 19.4.4.Forward Osmosis / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.5.Membrane Technology for Facilitating Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) in Industries / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.5.1.Conventional Zero Liquid Discharge Systems / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.5.2.Hybrid Zero Liquid Discharge Systems / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.5.2.1.ZLD Combined with Reverse Osmosis / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.5.2.2.ZLD Combined with Electrodialysis / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.5.2.3.ZLD Combined with Membrane Distillation / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.6.Potential of Membrane Technology Toward ZLD / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.7.Advancements and Scope of Membrane Technology for ZLD / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.8.Emerging Trends in State-of-the-Art ZLD Systems / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.9.Computational Aspects in Membrane Processes / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.9.1.Simulation of Spiral Wound Membranes / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.9.2.Simulation of Hollow Fiber Membranes / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.9.3.Design of Membrane Systems / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 19.10.Conclusions / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- References / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 20.Electromembrane Processes in Water Purification and Energy Generation / R. Saranya / Sundergopal Sridhar / P. Anand -- 20.1.Introduction / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.2.Electrodialysis / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.3.Ion Exchange Membranes / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti / Sujay Chattopadhyay -- 20.4.Mathematical Representation of Various Fluxes in Electrodialysis Process / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.5.Current-Voltage Characteristics / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.5.1.Ohmic Region / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.5.2.Plateau Region / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.5.3.Over Limiting Region / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.6.Concentration Polarization / Sujay Chattopadhyay / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti / Anusha Chandra / E. Bhuvanesh -- 20.7.LCD Determination and Parameters Influencing LCD / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.8.Mass Transfer Enhancement in Electrodialysis / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.9.Facilitation of Electrodialysis / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.10.Role of Mathematical Modeling in Electrodialysis / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.11.Challenges and Proposed Remedies in Electrodialysis / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.12.Applications of Electrodialysis / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.13.Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (EDBPM) / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.14.Bipolar Membrane Preparation and Characterization / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.15.Bipolar Membrane Applications / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.16.Capacitive Deionization / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti / Sujay Chattopadhyay -- 20.17.Energy Generation through Reverse Electrodialysis / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 20.18.Conclusions / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- References / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 21.Adsorption-Membrane Filtration Hybrid Process in Wastewater Treatment / Sujay Chattopadhyay / E. Bhuvanesh / Anusha Chandra / Jogi Ganesh Dattatreya Tadimeti -- 21.1.Introduction / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.2.Adsorption Process / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.2.1.Adsorption Kinetics / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.2.2.Adsorption Isotherms / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.3.Membrane Process / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.4.Adsorption-Membrane Hybrid Process / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.4.1.Adsorption-Membrane Filtration Hybridization Scheme / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.4.1.1.First Scheme: Adsorption-Submersed Membrane Filtration / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.4.1.2.Second Scheme: Coupling of Adsorption Process with Membrane Filtration / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.4.1.3.Third Scheme: PAC Dynamic Membrane / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.4.2.Effect of Adsorption Process on Hybrid Process / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.4.3.Effect of Membrane Process on Hybrid Process / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.4.4.Application of Adsorption-Membrane Filtration Hybrid Process / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.4.5.Extension of Adsorption-Membrane Hybrid Process / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 21.5.Conclusions and Future Scope / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- Nomenclature / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das / Kulbhushan Samal -- References / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 22.Layer-by-Layer (Lbl) Coated Multilayer Membranes in Dye House Effluent Treatment / Kulbhushan Samal / Kaustubha Mohanty / Chandan Das -- 22.1.Introduction / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.2.Water Consumption in the Textile Sector / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.3.Overview of Textile Processing and Major Pollutants / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.4.Natural vs. Synthetic Dyes / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.5.Treatment Methods for Textile Wastewater / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.6.Membrane Separation Processes / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.6.1.Microfiltration in Textile Effluent Treatment / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.6.2.Membrane Fouling / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.7.Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Assembly / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.8.Materials in LbL Assembly / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.9.LbL Assembled MF Membranes for Textile Dye Removal / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 22.10.Conclusions and Future Prospects / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- References / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 23.Membrane Technology-A Sustainable Approach for Environmental Protection / Usha K. Aravind / Charuvila T. Aravindakumar / Mary Lidiya Mathew / Subha Sasi -- 23.1.Introduction / Arijit Mondal / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee --, and Contents note continued: 23.2.Brief about Membrane Technology / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 23.3.Application of Membrane Technology in Environmental Protection / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 23.3.1.Municipal Wastewater Treatment / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 23.3.2.Pharmaceutical Waste Treatment / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 23.3.3.Heavy Metal Removal from Ground Water / Ranjana Das / Arijit Mondal / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee -- 23.3.4.CO2 Separation / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 23.3.5.Tannery and Dye Waste Treatment / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 23.3.6.Application in Paper and Pulp Industries / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 23.3.7.Dairy Wastewater Treatment / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 23.3.7.1.Case Study on Application of Membrane Technology in Dairy Effluent Treatment / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 23.4.Advanced Membrane Separation Process for Treatment of Different Waste Streams / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- References / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 24.Processing of Dairy Industrial Effluent and Kitchen Wastewater by Integration of Microbial Action with Membrane Processes / Ranjana Das / Chiranjib Bhattacharjee / Arijit Mondal -- 24.1.Introduction / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.2.Membrane Filtration Technology / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.2.1.Membrane Characteristics / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.2.2.Classification of Membranes / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.3.Potential of Membrane Filtration When Combined with Biological Process / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.4.Challenges Facing MBR and MFC Technologies / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.5.Types of Membrane Bioreactors / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.5.1.Submerged/Immersed MBR / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.5.2.Side-Stream/External MBR / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.5.3.Advancements in MBR Process / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.5.4.Microbial Consortia Used in MBR / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.6.Types of MFCs / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.6.1.Design and Working of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) / Nivedita Sahu / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 24.6.2.Advantages in MFC Process / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.6.3.Microbial Consortia Used in MFC / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.7.Experimental Case Study with Kitchen Wastewater / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.7.1.Collection of Kitchen Wastewater / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.7.2.Preparation of Inoculums / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.7.3.Description of Submerged/Internal MBR (SMBR) / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.8.Experimental Case Study on Dairy Industrial Effluent / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.8.1.Collection of Dairy Industrial Effluent / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.8.2.Preparation of Inoculums / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.8.3.Description of Side-Stream/External MBR (SSMBR) / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Nivedita Sahu / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 24.8.4.Description of Laboratory MFC Unit for Treatment of Kitchen Wastewater / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.9.Sampling and Analytical Methods / Nivedita Sahu / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 24.10.Membrane Fouling and Its Prevention / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Nivedita Sahu / Sundergopal Sridhar -- 24.11.Results and Discussion / Sundergopal Sridhar / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.11.1.Treatment of Kitchen Wastewater and Dairy Effluent / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu / S.S. Chandrasekhar -- 24.11.2.Case Study on Kitchen Wastewater / Sundergopal Sridhar / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.11.3.Case Study on Dairy Effluent / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu / S.S. Chandrasekhar -- 24.11.4.Color Removal from Kitchen Wastewater and Dairy Effluent / Sundergopal Sridhar / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Nivedita Sahu -- 24.11.5.Treatment of Kitchen Wastewater by MFC / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu / S.S. Chandrasekhar -- 24.12.Conclusions / Nivedita Sahu / Sundergopal Sridhar / S.S. Chandrasekhar -- References / S.S. Chandrasekhar / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu -- List of Abbreviations / Sundergopal Sridhar / Nivedita Sahu / S.S. Chandrasekhar.
Subject(s)
ISBN
9781315105666 (electronic bk.)
1315105667 (electronic bk.)
9781351601832 (electronic bk.)
9781351601825 (electronic bk.)
Bibliography Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Source of Acquisition
Purchased with funds from the J. Harvey Fahnestock Endowment for Scientific, Engineering and Rare Books; 2018
Endowment Note
J. Harvey Fahnestock Endowment for Scientific, Engineering and Rare Books
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