Thermal Power Plant Control and Instrumentation [electronic resource] : The control of boilers and HRSGs. / David Lindsley (lindsley@btinternet.com)*; John Grist (grist19@gmail.com); Don Parker (don.parker@provecta.com.au).
- Author:
- Lindsley, David
- Published:
- Stevenage : IET, 2018.
- Edition:
- 2nd ed.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (330 pages).
- Additional Creators:
- Grist, John and Parker, Don
Access Online
- Series:
- Contents:
- Machine generated contents note: 1.1.Why an understanding of steam is needed / David Lindsley -- 1.2.Boiling: the change of state from water to steam / David Lindsley -- 1.3.The nature of steam / David Lindsley -- 1.3.1.The Carnot cycle / David Lindsley -- 1.3.2.The Rankine cycle / David Lindsley -- 1.4.Thermal efficiency / David Lindsley -- 1.5.The gas turbine and combined-cycle plants / David Lindsley -- 1.6.Summary / David Lindsley -- Reference / David Lindsley -- 2.1.Steam generation and use / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 2.2.Drum boilers and HRSGs / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 2.3.Once-through boilers and OTSGs / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 2.4.The steam turbine / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 2.5.The condensate and feedwater system / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 2.5.1.The deaerator / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 2.6.The feed pumps and valves / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 2.7.The water and steam circuits of HRSG plant / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 2.8.Summary / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 3.1.The furnace / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.1.1.Firing arrangements and burners / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.1.2.Wall-fired boilers and wall burners / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 3.1.3.Corner-fired boilers and tilting burners / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.1.4.Downshot (also down-fired or W-fired) boilers and their burners / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.1.5.OFA and boosted OFA / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.2.The air and gas circuits / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.2.1.The air heater / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.2.2.Types of fan / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.2.3.Final elements for draught control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.3.Fuel systems / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.3.1.Coal firing (PF) / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.3.2.Waste-to-energy plants / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 3.4.Igniter systems / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.5.Burner management systems / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.5.1.Furnace purge and fuel oil leak tests / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.5.2.Starting the oil burners / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.5.3.Starting and stopping a mill / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.5.4.Fuel oil trip / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.5.5.Master fuel trip / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.5.6.Boiler trip / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.5.7.Special considerations for external plant / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.5.8.Special considerations for downshot or W-fired boilers / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.6.Ancillary systems / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.7.Gas turbines in combined-cycle applications / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 3.8.Summary / John Grist / David Lindsley -- Reference / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 4.1.Nature of the demand / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.2.Setting the demand in power station applications / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.2.1.Operation of the UK electricity trading system / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.2.2.Frequency response services / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 4.3.The master demand in a power station application / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.3.1.Boiler-following operation / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.3.2.Turbine-following operation / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.3.3.Coordinated unit control / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.3.4.Relative performance / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.4.Load demand in CHP plants / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.5.WTE plants / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.6.Heat recovery steam generators / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 4.7.Summary / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- Part 1: Control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.1.The principles of combustion control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.1.1.Cross-limited control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.1.2.Multiple fuel sources / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.2.Working with multiple fuels / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 5.3.The control of mills or pulverisers / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.3.1.The 'load line' / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.3.2.Mill control strategies / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.3.3.Fuel quality factor / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.3.4.Mill temperature control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.3.5.Controlling multiple mills and multiple fuels / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.4.Air distribution and pressure control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.5.NOx control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.6.Maintaining the furnace draught / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.7.Cross-over pressure control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.8.Binary control of the combustion system / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.8.1.Burner management systems (BMS) and plant safety / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.8.2.Sequence controls / John Grist / David Lindsley -- Part 2: Instrumentation / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.9.Furnace instrumentation / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.9.1.CCTV systems / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.9.2.Acoustic leak detection / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.9.3.Flame monitoring and purge air requirements / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.9.4.The requirements for purge air / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.10.Oil (and gas) flow instrumentation / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.11.Air flow / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.11.1.Venturi / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.11.2.Aerofoil / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.11.3.Thermal mass flow / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.11.4.Capacitance/cross-correlation / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.11.5.Averaging Pitot tube system / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.12.Flue gas analysis / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.12.1.Oxygen and CO analysers / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 5.12.2.NOx measurements / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 5.12.3.Continuous emission monitoring systems / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 5.13.Mill and silo fire detection and penthouse monitoring / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 5.14.CIA measurements / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 5.15.Summary / John Grist / David Lindsley -- References / David Lindsley / John Grist -- Part 1: controls / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.1.Drum level and feedwater control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.2.One, two, three and four-element control / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.2.1.Two-element feedwater control / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.2.2.Three-element feedwater control / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.2.3.Four-element level control / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.3.Feedwater valve control / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.4.Storage vessel-level control in a once-through boiler / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.5.Once-through super critical additional systems / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.5.1.Sub-cooling line / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.5.2.Economiser vent line / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.6.Basic enthalpy control / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.6.1.Enthalpy control process considerations / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.6.2.Enthalpy control logic considerations / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.7.Deaerator control / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.7.1.Steam pressure control / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.7.2.Level control / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 6.7.3.Integrated-level control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- Part 2: feedwater instrumentation and control mechanisms / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.8.Measuring and displaying the drum level, steam and feed flows / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.8.1.Some words of caution / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.8.2.Using an external water column / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.8.3.Statutory requirements / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.8.4.Discrepancies between drum-level indications / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.8.5.Drum-level gauges / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.9.Feed-flow measurement / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.10.Steam flow measurement / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.11.The mechanisms used for feedwater control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.11.1.Valves / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.11.2.Quick opening / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.11.3.Linear / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.11.4.Equal percentage / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.11.5.The valve sizing coefficient / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.11.6.Fail-safe operation / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.11.7.Selecting the valve size / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.11.8.Specialised valve trims / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.12.Pumps / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.12.1.Variable-speed pumps / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.12.2.Pump controls / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.12.3.Boiler circulation pumps / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 6.13.Summary / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.1.Why steam temperature control is needed / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.2.The spray water attemperator / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.2.1.The mechanically atomised attemperator / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.2.2.The variable area attemperator / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.2.3.The variable annulus desuperheater / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.2.4.Other types of attemperator / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.2.5.Radial discharge mechanically atomised attemperators / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.2.6.Location of temperature sensors / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.2.7.Control systems for spray water attemperators / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.3.Advanced steam temperature control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.3.1.Two-loop control / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.3.2.State controller with observer / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.4.Controlling the temperature of reheated steam / David Lindsley / John Grist -- 7.4.1.Reheat sprays / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.4.2.Gas pass biasing dampers / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.4.3.Temperature control with tilting burners / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.4.4.Flue gas recycling / John Grist / David Lindsley -- and Contents note continued: 7.4.5.Hot air injection / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.5.Temperature measurement / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.5.1.Measurement of air and flue gas temperature / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.5.2.Measurement of steam temperature / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.5.3.Measurement of metal temperature / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 7.6.Summary / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.1.A typical DCS configuration / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.1.1.The central system cabinets / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.1.2.Termination and marshalling / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.1.3.Operator workstations / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.2.Interconnections between the systems / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.3.Equipment selection and environment / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.4.Mechanical factors and ergonomics / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.4.1.Site considerations / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.5.Electric actuators / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.6.Hydraulic actuators / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.7.Cabling / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.7.1.Summary / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.7.2.Fire-resistant, fire-retardant and low-smoke cables / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.8.Electromagnetic compatibility / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.8.1.Earth connections / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.8.2.Cables: armouring screening and glands / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.9.Database tools / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.10.Reliability of systems / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.10.1.Analysing the effects of failure / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 8.11.Summary / John Grist / David Lindsley -- References / John Grist / David Lindsley -- 9.1.Overview / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.2.Defining the requirements / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.2.1.The Project Plan / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.2.2.System descriptions / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.2.3.The Functional Design Specification / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 9.2.4.The Technical Specification / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.2.5.Design of functional safety systems and related boiler control logic / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 9.2.6.Testing requirements / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.2.7.Making provision for site tests / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.2.8.Vendor documentation systems / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 9.3.The KKS equipment identification system / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.3.1.The importance of agreement and coordination / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 9.3.2.Review of KKS / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.3.3.An example of how the codes are used / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 9.4.Summary / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- References / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 10.1.Introduction / John Grist -- 10.2.Background / John Grist -- 10.3.Basis of design: basis of safety / John Grist -- 10.4.Process HAZID study / John Grist -- 10.5.P&ID review meeting / John Grist -- 10.6.Hazardous area classification / John Grist -- 10.7.HAZOP / John Grist -- 10.8.Determination of safety integrity level (SIL) / John Grist -- 10.9.Project liaison meetings / John Grist -- 10.10.Demonstration of SIL achieved / John Grist -- 10.11.Implosion studies / John Grist -- 10.12.Factory acceptance tests / John Grist -- 10.12.1.Hardware testing / John Grist -- 10.12.2.Software testing / John Grist -- 10.12.3.Graphics / John Grist -- 10.13.Audits / John Grist -- 10.14.Final checks / John Grist -- 10.15.Non-C&I-related safety reviews / John Grist -- 10.16.Operations and maintenance personnel training / John Grist -- 10.17.Ongoing site activities and reviews / John Grist -- 11.1.Features of highly automated power plant / Don Parker -- 11.2.Features of operationally flexible plant / Don Parker -- 11.3.Benefits of highly automated plant / Don Parker -- 11.4.Design principles for high-level automation / Don Parker -- 11.4.1.Hierarchical sequence design / Don Parker -- 11.4.2.Extensive plant self-protection and situation recovery control actions / Don Parker -- 11.4.3.Improving modulating controls design / Don Parker -- 11.5.Boiler-turbine coordination: control design for operational flexibility / Don Parker -- 11.5.1.Understanding boiler and turbine steam dynamic responses / Don Parker -- 11.5.2.Coordinated modes for MW control / Don Parker -- 11.5.3.Coordinated Turbine Following / Don Parker -- 11.5.4.Unit Coordinated (also referred to as C-BF) mode / Don Parker -- 11.5.5.Components of the Unit Coordinated controls / Don Parker -- 11.5.6.Frequency response / Don Parker -- 11.5.7.Capability limits and runbacks / Don Parker -- 11.6.Summary / Don Parker -- References / Don Parker -- 12.1.Drivers for change / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.2.The DCS upgrade cycle / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.3.The impact of change / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 12.3.1.Operators / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.3.2.Maintenance / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.3.3.Cyber security / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.3.4.Corporate expectations / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.4.Refurbishment case studies / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.4.1.Multi-phase to DCS / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 12.4.2.DCS HMI upgrade / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.4.3.Complete DCS replacement / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.4.4.'Transparent' control system migration / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 12.5.Preparing for change / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.5.1.Making the business case / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.5.2.Technical preparations / Don Parker / David Lindsley -- 12.6.Implementing the project / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.7.Keeping track of system reliability and costs / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.8.Change management / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.9.Summary / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- 12.10.Conclusion / David Lindsley / Don Parker -- References / Don Parker / David Lindsley.
- Summary:
- The primary objective of this book is the plant design right down to control and instrumentation systems. As a result, the control engineer is faced with handling new plant concepts such as Lo-NOx burners and carbon-capture and recycling. As ever, the control system designer has to have a good understanding of the plant and its method of operation before he or she can produce an effective design. Aiding that understanding is the primary objective of this book. Control technology itself changes and changes again over time: the principles of thermodynamics don't.
- Subject(s):
- Other Subject(s):
- ISBN:
- 9781785614200
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