Police and law enforcement [electronic resource] / general editor, William J. Chambliss
- Published:
- Los Angeles, [Calif.] ; London : SAGE, [2011]
- Copyright Date:
- ©2011
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (xvi, 320 pages).
- Additional Creators:
- Chambliss, William J.
Access Online
- SAGE knowledge: ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu
- Series:
- Contents:
- Machine generated contents note: 1.Accountability -- Early History of U.S. Policing and Accountability -- Vollmer's Framework of Leadership -- Twentieth-Century Impacts on Accountability -- External Sources of Police Misconduct -- The Miranda Warning -- Citizen Review Boards and Guilds -- Internal Sources of Police Misconduct -- Pro: Arguments in Favor of External Oversight -- The Officer Shuffle -- Officer Misconduct Database -- Con: Arguments Against External Oversight -- Legislative Changes -- 2.Arrest Practices -- The Probable Cause Requirement -- Observations Made by the Officer -- Anonymous Sources With Unknown Reliability -- Reliable Anonymous Sources -- Arrest Warrants -- Making an Arrest -- Miranda Warnings -- Investigative Detention and Arrest -- The Terry Stop Case -- Field Interviews Versus Consensual Encounters -- Factors Defining a Field Interview -- Initiation and Conduct of Field Interviews -- Arrest and Prone Restraint -- Arrests by Off-Duty Officers -- Arresting Juveniles -- Pro: Positive Aspects of the Arrest Function -- Con: Limitations of the Arrest Function -- Effects on the Suspect -- 3.Bounty Hunters and Rewards -- The Judas Jigsaw -- Good Samaritans -- Frontier Vigilantes -- Bail and Bounties -- Police and Community Rewards -- How Do the Police Feel About Rewards? -- Notable Reward Cases -- Crime Stoppers and Tax Whistleblowers -- Targeting Terrorists -- Pro: Arguments in Support of Bounties and Rewards -- Con: Arguments Against Rewards and Bounties -- 4.Entrapment -- Historical Origins -- Legal Development in the Supreme Court -- Subjective and Objective Approaches -- The Groundbreaking Case of Jacobson v. United States -- Entrapment Applied: Abscam -- Pro: Support of Government Undercover Investigations -- Con: Opposition of Broad Law Enforcement Discretion -- Failure of the Subjective Test for Government Conduct -- Unjustifiable Governmental Tactics -- The Ethics of Deception -- Conclusion -- 5.Internal Review Practices -- Overview of Police Internal Review Practices -- Public Complaints and Access -- Maintaining Legitimacy -- Four Possible Conclusions -- Pro: Arguments in Favor of Internal Review Systems -- Con: Arguments Against Internal Review Systems -- 6.Interrogation Practices -- Overview -- Early Judicial Decisions -- The Changing Meaning of Voluntary Confession -- The Christian Burial Case -- Police Interrogation Tactics -- Interrogation Environment -- Interrogation Programs and Published Techniques -- Pro: Benefits of Securing a Confession -- Con: Drawbacks of Securing a Confession -- Conclusion -- Comprehension of a Suspect's Rights -- 7.Miranda Warnings -- Foundations of the Miranda Warnings -- Repercussions of the Court Decision -- Vacillations on Miranda -- The Burger Court -- The Rehnquist Court -- Interpretation of the Warnings -- When Miranda Is and Is Not Required -- The Right to Silence Versus the Right to Counsel -- Proper Use of Miranda and Suspect Voluntariness -- Juvenile Suspects and Comprehension of Miranda -- Pro: Arguments in Support of the Miranda Decision -- Con: Arguments Against the Use of Miranda -- Coercive Interrogation Tactics -- 8.Plain View Doctrine -- The Fourth Amendment -- Katz v. United States -- The Coolidge Test -- Covering the Five Senses -- Sense-Augmenting Surveillance -- Extrasensory Surveillance -- Pro: Strengths of the Plain View Doctrine Compromise -- Clear Guidance -- Con: Limitations of the Plain View Doctrine -- 9.Police Brutality -- Defining Police Brutality -- Deadly Force -- Non-Deadly Force -- Prevalence of Police Use of Force and Brutality -- Potential Causes of Police Brutality -- Police Subculture -- Biases Among Individual Officers -- Burnout and Cynicism -- Curbing Police Brutality -- Civilian Review Boards -- Early Warning Systems -- Pro: Arguments Supporting Police Use of Heavy Force -- Con: Arguments Against Permitting Police Brutality -- Support of Research -- 10.Police Corruption and Code of Silence -- Defining Police Corruption -- Types of Police Corruption -- The History of Police Corruption in America -- The 1970s Knapp Commission: Meat Eaters and Grass Eaters -- The 1990s and Beyond -- Theories of Police Corruption -- Preventing and Controlling Corruption -- Positive Leadership -- Administrative Rulemaking and Corruption Investigations -- Community Policing -- Code of Silence -- Pro: Arguments in Favor of the Code of Silence -- Con: Arguments Against the Code of Silence -- Conclusion -- 11.Police Privatization -- Politics, Privatization, and Policing -- Historical Fluctuations of Private Policing in America -- Organizational Design of Public Policing -- Public-Choice and Interorganizational Theories -- Public-Interest, Economic, and Management Dimensions -- Pro: Arguments in Support of Police Privatization -- Reducing Costs and Gaining Efficiency -- Competitive Pressures Beneficial to Democracy -- Con: Arguments in Opposition to Police Privatization -- Profit Motivations, Ethics, and Accountability -- Use of Force, Violations of Human Rights, and Social Control -- Quality and Costs of Services -- Legality -- Looking Forward -- 12.Police Strikes and Blue Flu -- Early History of Police Strikes -- Modern History of Police Strikes -- The Legality of Police Strikes -- Pro: Arguments in Favor of the Right of Police to Strike -- Citizen Opinion -- Con: Arguments Against Police Strikes -- Collective Bargaining and Binding Arbitration -- Community Support -- Altering Enforcement Strategies -- 13.Profiling -- The Rise of Sundown Towns -- The White Supremacy-Racial Profiling Nexus -- Social Consequences -- "Out-of-Place" Policing -- Traffic Encounters -- Pro: Arguments in Favor of Profiling Research -- Con: Research on Racial Profiling Is Insufficient -- 14.Riot and Demonstration Responses -- Overview of Riots and Demonstrations -- Demonstrations and Protests -- Police Riots -- The Social Underpinnings of Demonstrations and Riots -- Examples of Policing Demonstrations -- Social and Political Demonstrations and Clashes -- Calls for Reform -- Practices of Policing Demonstrations -- Containing Space -- Riot Control Measures -- Recent Transformations -- Pro: Arguments in Favor of Policing Demonstrations -- Con: Arguments Against Policing Demonstrations -- 15.Use of Deadly Force -- The History of Policy Governing Use of Deadly Force -- From Fleeing Felon to Defense of Life Rule -- The Force Continuum -- Frequency of Deadly Force -- Studies Show Use of Deadly Force Is Rare -- Determinants of Deadly Force: Four Perspectives -- Situational Explanations -- Officer Behavior -- Organizational Explanations -- It's the Neighborhood -- Pro: Arguments Supporting the Use of Deadly Force -- Con: Arguments Against the Use of Deadly Force -- 16.Vehicle Searches -- History of Vehicle Searches -- Search Tools Available to the Police -- Incident to Arrest -- Arizona v. Gant -- Vehicle Searches and the War on Drugs -- Whren v. United States -- Pro: Arguments in Favor of Ganf's Search Limits -- Con: Arguments Against Ganf's Search Limits -- Conclusion -- 17.Vehicular Police Pursuits -- Brief History of Police Pursuits -- Legal Challenges to Pursuits -- Significant Cases Shaping Emergency Vehicle Operation -- Owing Duty and Safe Operation -- Conditions Acceptable for Pursuit -- Pursuit Scholarship -- Pursuit Management Task Force Study -- International Association of Chiefs of Police Report -- Pursuit Policy Development -- Three Policy Scenarios -- Public Relations and Communication -- Pro: Arguments in Support of Vehicular Police Pursuits -- Con: Arguments Opposing Vehicular Police Pursuit -- 18.Vigilantes -- Vigilante Beginnings -- Modern Vigilante Groups -- Vigilante Precursors: Kin-Based Order and Early Justice -- Historical Vigilantism in the United States -- Vigilantes in the 1800s -- Justice, Southern Style -- Contemporary Vigilante Movements and Impulses -- Internet And Cyber Vigilantes -- Media and Entrapment Controversies -- Vigilantes in Popular Media -- Western Films and the Golden Age of Television -- Vigilantes in Contemporary Entertainment -- Pro: Support for Vigilantism -- Con: Opposition to Vigilantism -- 19.Warrants -- The History of Warrants -- The Legality of Warrants -- When a Warrant Is Not Necessary -- The Plain View Doctrine -- Warrant Requirement Exemption for Vehicles -- Pro: Arguments in Favor of Warrants -- Con: Arguments Against Requiring a Warrant -- 20.Zero-Tolerance Policing -- Definition and Varieties -- Origin and History -- Broken Windows and Hot Spots -- Origins in the War on Drugs -- Theoretical Grounding -- Purpose and Outcomes -- Practices and Institutional Settings -- Pro: Arguments in Favor of Zero-Tolerance Policing -- Con: Arguments Against Zero-Tolerance Policing -- Discriminatory Practices.
- Summary:
- Topics in this title include such hotly debated topics as accountability, arrest practices, bounty hunters, entrapment, Miranda warnings, police privatization, profiling, vigilantes and sero-tolerance policing.
- Subject(s):
- ISBN:
- 9781412994095 (ebook)
- Audience Notes:
- Specialized.
- Bibliography Note:
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
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