Cover; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Preface; 1 Background and History; Introduction; The Constitution-Based Functions and Powers of the American Congress and How They Have Changed over Time; The Changing Role of the Lawmaking Function of the American Congress; Lawmaking during the Early Years of Congress: 1789-1830; The Decentralized Congress: 1830-1860; The Rise of the Two-Party System and Evolution of the Modern Congress, 1860-1920; The Textbook Congress: 1920-1970; The Reform Congress: 1980-2000; The Changing Role of Congressional Budget Powers Post-World War II, The Changing Role of the Representation FunctionThe Changing Role in Congressional War-Making Powers; The Changing Role in Congressional Oversight of the Other Branches; The Changing Role in the Advice and Consent, Treaty Approval, and Appointive Power; Conclusion; References; 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions; Introduction; The Congressional-Presidential Relationship; Legislative Agenda; Veto and Override; War Powers; Advice and Consent; Impeachment; Institutional Rules, Norms, and Constraints; House-Senate Differences; Unanimous Consent, Holds, and Filibusters; Additional Differences, Drafting, Considering, and Passing LegislationThe Budget; Leadership; Committee Structure; Congressional Staff; Outside Influences; The Perpetual Campaign; Representation Conflicts; Interest Groups and Lobbyists; Partisan Considerations; Women and Minorities in Congress; Congressional Ethics; Solutions; References; 3 Perspectives; Preparing for the Senate Confirmation Process Chad Calvert; Refocusing on Policy Dynamics Adam Cayton; The Importance of Increasing Women's Representation in the U.S. Congress Kathleen Dolan, Effective Tribal Advocacy: Sovereignty + Grassroots + Substance + Money Danna R. Jackson, Esq. The President and the Congress Joshua Kennedy; Ideology in Congress Verlan Lewis; A Legacy of Women on Capitol Hill: Legislation and Leadership Summer Mersinger; The Marginalization of Congress Christina G. Villegas; 4 Profiles; Introduction; Organizations; America Leads; American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations; Americans for Prosperity; Brookings Institute; CATO Institute; Club for Growth; Congressional Black Caucus; Congressional Budget Office, and Congressional Hispanic CaucusCongressional Research Service; Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee; Democratic National Committee; Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee; EMILY's List; Federal Elections Commission; FreedomWorks for America; Government Accountability Office; Heritage Foundation; Majority Leader of the U.S. House and Senate; Minority Leader of the U.S. House and Senate; National Archives and Records Administration; National Republican Congressional Committee; National Republican Senatorial Committee; National Rifle Association; Office of Congressional Ethics
