Machine generated contents note: 1.The Vietnam Veterans Memorial: A Symbolic Cemetery on the National Mall -- 2.Immediate Memorials: Mourning in Protest -- 3.Oklahoma City: Reframing Tragedy as Triumph -- 4.Columbine: The Power of Denial -- 5.Commemorating 9/11: From the Tribute in Light to Reflecting Absence -- Conclusion.
Summary
Although radically different, the Vietnam War, the Oklahoma City bombing, the Columbine High School shootings, and the attacks of 9/11 all shattered myths of national identity. Vietnam was a war the United States didn't win; Oklahoma City revealed domestic terrorism in the heartland; Columbine debunked legends of high school as an idyllic time; and 9/11 demonstrated U.S. vulnerability to international terrorism.