Regulating services in the European Union [electronic resource] / Vassilis Hatzopoulos
- Author
- Hatzopoulos, Vassilis
- Published
- Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012.
- Physical Description
- 1 online resource
Access Online
- Oxford scholarship online: ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu
- Contents
- Machine generated contents note: A.Services -- 1.Services in real-economic terms -- a.Brief history of (scientific interest in) services -- b.Definition-classifications -- c.Economic characteristics -- d.Factors affecting service provision -- e.Trade in services-globalization -- f.From freedom to comparative advantage in services: the role of regulation -- 2.In legal terms -- a.Services supply modes under the CATS and the TFEU -- b.Services as activities or as outcomes? -- c.Normally provided for remuneration? -- d.A residual legal category? -- B.Regulation -- 1.Regulation: basic concepts -- a.Defining regulation -- b.Explaining regulation -- c.Regulation's objectives -- 2.Regulation: the EU peculiarities -- a.Multi-level regulation-regulatory competition -- b.Regulation through internal marker competition law -- A.The political distinction between economic and non-economic services -- 1.What is there in a name? -- a.From sterile dilemmas... -- b....to workable three prong distinctions -- 2.Content of SGIs/SGEIs -- a.Sources of SGI rules -- b.Approaches to the definitions of SGIs -- 3.EU impact on SGIs -- a.The competence issue-who has the responsibility to determine the scope of SGIs? -- b.The content issue-what conditions should SGIs full in order to receive special treatment? -- B.The legal distinction -- 1.Nature of the body subject to the rules -- a.Free movement -- b.Public procurement -- c.Competition rules: private conduct and state aids -- d.General assessment of the nature of the entity criterion -- 2.Nature of the activity -- a.Free movement -- b.Public procurement -- c.Competition rides: private conduct and state aid -- d.General assessment of the activity criterion -- 3.The object of a measure -- a.Free movement -- b.Public procurement -- c.Competition-private conduct -- d.General assessment of the object of the measure -- 4.Mitigating factors-threshold of interference -- a.Free movement -- b.Public procurement -- c.Competition rules private conduct -- d.Competition rules-state aid -- e.General assessment of the mitigating factors -- 5.Exceptions-general -- a.Free movement -- b.Public procurement -- c.Competition rules-private conduct -- d.State aid rules -- 6.Services of general economic interest as an exception: Article 106(2) TFEU -- a.Free movement -- b.Public procurement -- c.Competition rules private conduct -- d.Competition law-state aid -- e.General assessment of Article 106(2) -- C.Conclusion -- A.Restrictions: the criteria -- 1.Theoretical foundations -- a.The stakes -- b.Evolution-benchmark judgments -- c.Proposed criteria -- 2.Quantitative data -- B.Restrictions: the characteristics -- 1.Origin of restrictions -- 2.Impact: access v. exercise -- a.Generally on the distinction -- b.Access restrictions -- c.Exercise restrictions -- 3.Comment -- C.Conclusion -- A.Identifying the grounds for justifications: the interests protected -- 1.Treaty-based justifications -- 2.Judge-made justifications -- a.Overriding reasons of public interest: subject to a strict proportionality review -- b.Evading a strict proportionality review: solidarity and morality -- c.The riddle of fundamental rights -- 3.Legislative justifications -- B.Justifying and evaluating justifications: the measures adopted -- 1.Justifying justifications -- 2.Evaluating justifications: from proportionality to coherence -- a.Proportionality as a two- or three prong test -- b.Consistency and coherence as an alternative to 'true' proportionality -- A.Categories of services concerned -- B.Judge-made regulation as a substitute to legislation -- 1.Gambling/gaming -- 2.Private security services -- 3.Tourist guides -- C.Judge-made regulation as a top-up to legislation -- 1.Healthcare services -- 2.Professional qualifications -- 3.Posted workers -- a.Softening up administrative requirements for entry and work -- b.Wage and social rights portability -- 4.Public procurement -- a.Extending the scope of public procurement rules: the transparency case law -- b.Substituting the public procurement rules for other Treaty rules -- c.Applying the public procurement rules to all kinds of services -- D.Taxation issues -- 1.Direct taxation -- 2.Indirect taxation-VAT -- E.Assessment-future regulatory needs -- 1.The role of secondary legislation -- 2.What next? Need for further action? -- a.Reshaping the General Systems of diploma recognition -- b.Circumscribing the definition of SGEI -- c.Enhancing mutual recognition -- d.Other measures -- A.Content of EU legislation on services-a positivist approach -- 1.Transport polity: towards a common polity? -- a.Opening up of markets and securing competition -- b.Homogenization of market conditions and creation of a level playing field -- c.Protection -- d.Public service obligations -- 2.Financial services: from a decentralized to a central 'passport' -- a.Phase one: Decentralized passports-home country control -- b.Phase two: Centralized passports-unfed conditions fir authorizations -- c.Phase three: The crisis aftermath-centralizing supervision -- 3.Professional qualifications: from sectoral harmonization to horizontal mutual recognition -- a.Long-lived transitional measures -- b.Sector-specific recognition based on harmonization -- c.The General Systems: mutual recognition helped by procedural harmonization -- 4.Network industries: sector-specific liberalization rules -- a.General characteristics -- b.Regulatory approach -- 5.IT Directives: internal market clauses -- 6.The Services Directive: regulatory reform and administrative cooperation -- a.Substance -- b.Procedure -- c.Tentative assessment of the impact of the Services Directive -- B.Regulatory technique of legislative instruments-a normative approach -- 1.Harmonization -- a.Is harmonization old fashioned-destined to disappear? -- b.Full or partial harmonization? -- c.Harmonization and technology: neutrality v. promotion of standards -- d.Revision/report procedures -- e.Implementation -- 2.Mutual recognition (MR) -- a.Why services are different from goods concerning MR -- b.How MR is organized in the field of services -- c.How can MR become more efficient in the field of services -- C.Conclusion -- A.Brief introduction to private regulation -- B.Promoting private regulation -- 1.Direct promotion -- a.Codes of conduct -- b.Standards and quality labels -- c.Corporate social responsibility -- d.Associations of undertakings -- 2.Indirect promotion -- C.Controlling private regulation -- 1.Public involvement increasing the intensity of control over private measures -- a.Private measures under the realm of internal market rules -- b.Public measures scrutinized under the competition rules -- 2.Public involvement excluding private measures from any control -- D.Conclusion -- A.Open Methods of Coordination (OMCs) -- 1.OMCs in the field of services -- 2.Evaluation of OMCs in the field of services -- B.Agencies -- 1.Agencies in the field of services -- a.General agencies -- b.Executive agencies -- 2.Evaluation of agencies in the field of services -- C.Networking -- 1.Networks in the field of services -- 2.Evaluation of networks in the field of services -- A.New governance and better regulation-taking stock -- B.Future outlook -- 1.Evaluation of better regulation and Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) -- a.RIA as a solution -- b.RIA as a problem -- 2.'Hybrid' legislation-the use of soft law -- A.General characteristics of EU regulation of services -- B.Cross-border trade of services (mode 1 GATS) -- C.Movement of natural persons (mode 4 GATS) -- D.Consumption abroad (mode 2 GATS).
- Summary
- An overview of services regulation in the EU, tracing its history from early, sector-specific interventions to the complex modern landscape of 'new governance' techniques. It sets the legal developments in their economic context and critiques the varied regulatory methods with which the EU has experimented.
- Subject(s)
- ISBN
- 9780191738067 (ebook)
0191738069 (ebook) - Bibliography Note
- Includes bibliographical references.
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