Resorcinol [electronic resource] : chemistry, technology, and applications / Raj B. Durairaj
- Author:
- Durairaj, Raj B.
- Published:
- Berlin ; New York : Springer, [2005]
- Copyright Date:
- ©2005
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (xxv, 748 pages) : illustrations
Access Online
- SpringerLink: ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu
- Contents:
- Machine generated contents note: 1 Resorcinol Structure and Physical Properties -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Crystalline Structure and Polymorphism -- 1.3 Tautomeric Form of Resorcinol -- 1.4 Physical Properties of Resorcinol -- 1.4.1 Vapor Pressure Data -- 1.4.2 Melt Viscosity Data -- 1.4.3 Solubility of Resorcinol in Solvents -- 1.4.4 Weight Loss of Resorcinol -- 1.4.5 Spectral Data of Resorcinol -- 1.5 General Properties of Resorcinol -- 1.6 Resorcinol Specifications -- References -- 2 Manufacturing Processes for Resorcinol -- 2.1 Resorcinol by the Benzenedisulfonation Process -- 2.1.1 Introduction -- 2.1.2 Disulfonation of Benzene -- 2.1.3 Neutralization and Sodium Sulfate Recovery -- 2.1.4 Alkali Fusion of Disalt -- 2.1.5 Acidification of Fusion Mixture -- 2.1.6 Extraction and Distillation -- 2.2 Hydrolysis of meta-Phenylenediamine (MPDA) Process -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 MPDA Hydrolysis Processes Developed -- 2.2.3 Major Problems in MPDA Hydrolysis Process -- 2.2.4 Newer Process for MPDA Hydrolysis -- 2.2.5 MPDA Hydrolysis Using Sulfuric Acid -- 2.2.6 Single Pass MPDA Hydrolysis Process -- 2.2.7 Double Pass MPDA Hydrolysis Process -- 2.3 Hydroperoxidation of m-Diisopropylbenzene Process -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Hydroperoxidation Process -- 2.3.3 Preparation of m-Diisopropylbenzene (m-DIPB) -- 2.3.4 Oxidation of m-Diisopropylbenzene -- 2.3.5 Separation and Recovery of Dihydroperoxide (DHP) -- 2.3.6 Production of Resorcinol from DHP Cleavage -- 2.3.7 Distillation and Recovery -- 2.3.8 Manufacture of Dicarbinol (DCL) from HHP -- 2.3.9 Summary and Future Outlook -- References -- 3 Resorcinol Derivatives -- 3.1 Alkyl and Aralkyl Resorcinols -- 3.1.1 Alkyl Resorcinols -- 3.1.1.1 Mono-Alkyl Resorcinols -- 3.1.1.2 2-Alkyl Substituted Resorcinols -- 3.1.1.3 4,6-Dialkyl Resorcinols -- 3.1.1.4 2,4-Dimethyl Resorcinol -- 3.1.1.5 2,4,6-Trimethyl Resorcinol -- 3.1.1.6 Tertiary-Alkyl Resorcinols -- 3.1.1.7 Cycloaliphatic Substituted Resorcinols -- 3.1.1.8 Allyl and Vinyl Resorcinols -- 3.1.1.9 Prenylated Resorcinols -- 3.1.2 Aralkyl Resorcinols -- References -- 3.2 Resorcinol Ethers -- 3.2.1 Alkyl Ethers of Resorcinol -- 3.2.1.1 Monoalkyl Ethers -- 3.2.1.2 Resorcinol Dimethyl Ether -- 3.2.1.3 Allyl Ether Compounds -- 3.2.1.4 Hydroxyethyl Ethers of Resorcinol -- 3.2.2 Aromatic Ethers of Resorcinol -- References -- 3.3 Resorcinol Esters -- 3.3.1 Aliphatic Monoesters -- 3.3.2 Aliphatic Diesters -- 3.3.3 Monoaryl Esters -- 3.3.4 Dibenzoate Esters -- 3.3.5 Carbonate Esters -- References -- 3.4 Halo Resorcinols -- 3.4.1 Fluorinated Resorcinols -- 3.4.1.1 Monofluoro Resorcinols -- 3.4.1.2 Fluoracyl Resorcinols -- 3.4.1.3 Fluoro Resorcinol Ethers -- 3.4.2 Chlorinated Resorcinols -- 3.4.2.1 2-Chloro-Substituted Resorcinols -- 3.4.2.2 4-Chloro-Substituted Resorcinols -- 3.4.2.3 Monochloro Alkyl Resorcinols -- 3.4.2.4 4,6-Dichlororesorcinol -- 3.4.2.5 2,4,6-Trichlororesorcinol -- 3.4.3 Bromoresorcinols -- 3.4.3.1 4-Bromoresorcinol -- 3.4.3.2 4,6-Dibromoresorcinol -- 3.4.3.3 2,4,6-Tribromoresorcinol -- 3.4.3.4 Dibromo Derivatives of Resorcinol Ethers -- 3.4.4 Iodo Resorcinols -- 3.4.4.1 Monoiodo Resorcinol -- 3.4.4.2 4,6-Diiodo Resorcinol -- 3.4.4.3 2,4,6-Triio do Resorcinol -- 3.4.5 Properties of Halo Resorcinols -- References -- 3.5 Aldehyde and Ketone Compounds -- 3.5.1 Resorcinol Aldehydes -- 3.5.1.1 2,4-Dihydroxyb enzaldehyde -- 3.5.1.2 2,6-Dihydroxyb enzaldehyde -- 3.5.1.3 2,4-Dialkoxyb enzaldehydes -- 3.5.1.4 Aldehyde Compounds from Alkylresorcinols -- 3.5.2 Resorcinol Ketones -- 3.5.2.1 Acylresorcinols -- 3.5.2.2 2-Acetylresorcinol or 2,6-Dihydroxyacetophenone -- 3.5.2.3 4-Acetylresorcinol or 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone -- 3.5.2.4 Diacetylresorcinols -- References -- 3.6 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives -- 3.6.1 β-Resorcylic Acid (2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid) -- 3.6.1.1 Esters of β-Resorcylic Acid -- 3.6.1.2 Ether Derivatives of BRA -- 3.6.2 γ-Resorcylic Acid -- 3.6.2.1 Derivatives of γ-Resorcylic Acid -- 3.6.3 Resorcinol Dicarboxylic Acids -- 3.6.4 Resorcinol Dioxydiacetic Acid Compounds -- 3.6.5 Glyoxylic Acid Derivatives of Resorcinol -- References -- 3.7 Sulfur Compounds -- 3.7.1 Sulfonic Acid Derivatives of Resorcinol -- 3.7.2 Thiobisresorcinols -- 3.7.3 Diresorcyl Sulfoxide -- 3.7.4 Tioxolone and Thio Derivatives -- 3.7.5 Bisulfite Compound -- 3.7.6 Vinylsulfonic Acid Ester -- References -- 3.8 Nitro and Nitrosoresorcinols -- 3.8.1 Nitroresorcinols -- 3.8.1.1 Mono -Nitrores orcinol -- 3.8.1.2 Dinitroresorcinols -- 3.8.1.3 Trinitroresorcinol -- 3.8.1.4 Octanitroresorcinol Derivatives -- 3.8.2 Nitrosoresorcinols -- 3.8.2.1 4-Nitrosoresorcinol -- 3.8.2.2 2,4-Dinitrosoresorcinol -- References -- 3.9 Aminoresorcinols -- 3.9.1 Mono Aminoresorcinols -- 3.9.1.1 2-Aminoresorcinol -- 3.9.1.2 4-Aminoresorcinol -- 3.9.2 Diaminoresorcinols -- 3.9.3 m-Aminophenol (or) 3-Aminoresorcinol -- 3.9.4 m-Hydroxy Diphenylamines -- 3.9.5 Morpholinomethyl Resorcinols -- 3.9.6 Amino Ether Derivatives of Resorcinol -- References -- 4 Special Compounds -- 4.1 Flavans and Spirodichromans -- 4.1.1 Resorcinol-Ketone Reactions -- 4.1.2 Reaction of Resorcinol with Acetone -- 4.1.3 Resorcinol-Unsaturated Ketones Reaction -- 4.1.4 Resorcinol-Cyclic Ketones Reaction -- 4.1.5 Applications of Flavans and Spirodichromans -- 4.1.5.1 Rubber Compounding Additive -- 4.1.5.2 Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins -- 4.1.5.3 Photoresist Material -- References -- 4.2 Coumarins and Chromanones -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Reaction of Resorcinol with αβ-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids -- 4.2.3 Reaction with αβ-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Esters -- 4.2.4 Hydroxycoumarins from Resorcinol -- 4.2.5 Reaction of Resorcinol with Malic Acid -- 4.2.6 Reaction with Ethyl Acetoacetate -- 4.2.7 Substituent Effect of Resorcinol on Pechmann Reaction [14] -- 4.2.8 Applications of Hydroxycoumarin and Chromanone Derivatives -- 4.2.9 Furocoumarins or Psoralens -- References -- 4.3 Resorcinarenes -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Synthesis of Resorcinarenes -- 4.3.3 Mechanism of Resorcinarene Formation -- 4.3.4 Resorcinarene Containing Methylene Bridges -- 4.3.5 Properties of Resorcinarenes -- 4.3.6 Resorcinarene Reactions -- 4.3.6.1 Bromination Reaction -- 4.3.6.2 Aminomethylation Reaction -- 4.3.7 Applications of Resorcinarenes -- 4.3.7.1 Resorcinarenes in Nanotechnology -- 4.3.8 Cavitands and Carcerands -- References -- 4.4 Dihydroresorcinol -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 Synthesis of Dihydroresorcinol -- 4.4.3 Properties of Dihydroresorcinol -- 4.4.4 Derivatives of 1,3-Cyclohexanedione -- 4.4.4.1 Alkyl Substituted Dihydroresorcinol -- 4.4.4.2 2-Bromo and 2,2-Dibromo-1,3-Cyclohexanediones -- 4.4.4.3 2-Acetyl Dihydroresorcinol -- 4.4.4.4 2-Chloro and 2,2-Dichloro-1,3-Cyclohexanediones -- 4.4.4.5 2-Allyl Dihydroresorcinol -- 4.4.5 Reactions of Dihydroresorcinol -- 4.4.5.1 Reaction with Aldehydes -- 4.4.5.2 Formation of Ethers -- 4.4.5.3 Reaction with Benzoyl Halides -- 4.4.5.4 Methyl Vinyl Ketone Reaction -- 4.4.5.5 Reaction with Vinyl Ethers -- 4.4.5.6 Synthesis of Indole Derivatives from DHR -- 4.4.5.7 Reaction with Ammonia and Primary Amines -- 4.4.5.8 Reaction with PCl3 and POCl3 Compounds -- 4.4.5.9 Mannich-Type Compounds -- 4.4.5.10 General Reactions of DHR -- 4.4.6 Applications of 1,3-Cyclohexanedione Derivatives -- 4.4.6.1 Manufacture of Herbicides -- 4.4.6.2 Pharmaceuticals -- 4.4.6.3 Building Block for Steroids and Terpenoids -- 4.4.6.4 Chemical Intermediates -- 4.4.6.5 Synthesis of Drugs for Pain Treatment -- References -- 5 Resorcinol Based Resins and Applications -- 5.1 Resorcinol-Aldehyde Resins -- 5.1.1 Introduction -- 5.1.2 Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) Resins -- 5.1.2.1 Resorcinol Structure and Reactivity for Formaldehyde Reaction -- 5.1.2.2 Uncatalyzed Reaction of Resorcinol with Formaldehyde -- 5.1.2.3 Determination of Resorcinol Reactivity on Varying pH -- 5.1.2.4 Base Catalyzed Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Reaction -- 5.1.2.5 Analytical Methods for RF Resins Analysis -- 5.1.2.6 Stability of RF Resin in Alkaline Conditions -- 5.1.2.7 Resorcinolic Novolak Resins from Aliphatic Aldehydes -- 5.1.2.8 Modified Resorcinolic Novolak Resins with Phenolic Derivatives -- References -- 5.2 Resorcinolic Resins in Steel Cords Adhesion -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 Brass Plated Steel Cord to Rubber Adhesion -- 5.2.2.1 Factors Affecting the Brass Plated Steel Cord Adhesion -- 5.2.3 Rubber Compound Formulation and Adhesion Testing. -- 5.2.3.1 Preparation of Rubber Masterbatch -- 5.2.3.2 Determination of Cure, Mechanical and Adhesion Properties -- 5.2.3.3 Mixing Rubber Compounds -- 5.2.4 Advantages of Resorcinolic Resins in Steel Skim Rubber Compounds -- 5.2.4.1 Methylene Donors in Rubber Compounds -- 5.2.4.2 Use of Cobalt Salts -- 5.2.4.3 Methylene Acceptor/Donor Ratios -- 5.2.4.4 Role of Resorcinolic Bonding Systems in Steel Cord Adhesion -- 5.2.4.5 Reaction of Resorcinol with HMMM -- 5.2.5 Different Resorcinolic Chemistry for Improving Steel Wire Adhesion -- 5.2.5.1 Use of Resorcinol -- 5.2.5.2 Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Novolak Resins -- 5.2.5.3 Alkyl Substituted Resorcinolic Novolak Resins -- 5.2.5.4 Alkyl Phenol Modified Resorcinolic Novolak Resins -- 5.2.5.5 Aralkyl Modified Resorcinol Novolak Resins -- 5.2.5.6 Non-volatile Resorcinolic Resins -- 5.2.5.7 Non-fuming and Non-formaldehyde Resorcinolic Resins -- 5.2.5.8 Resorcinolic Derivative in Rubber Compounds -- 5.2.5.9 Lower Molecular Weight Resorcinolic Compound -- 5.2.6 Zinc Plated Steel Cord Adhesion -- 5.2.7 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 5.3 Aerogels -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Organic Aerogels -- 5.3.2.1 Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Aerogel Preparation -- 5.3.2.2 Process for the Synthesis of Resorcinol Aerogel [6] -- 5.3.2.3 Morphology of Resorcinol Aerogels -- 5.3.2.4 Organic Aerogel Microspheres -- 5.3.2.5 Applications of Organic Aerogels -- 5.3.3 Carbon Aerogels -- 5.3.3.1 Carbon Aerogel Synthesis and Properties --, Contents note continued: 5.3.3.2 Carbon Aerogels as Electrodes in Aerocapacitors -- 5.3.3.3 Mesoporous Carbon Aerogels -- 5.3.3.4 Gas Diffusion Electrodes -- 5.3.3.5 Applications of Carbon Aerogels -- 5.3.4 Carbon Foam/Carbon Paper Composites -- 5.3.5 Metal Doped Carbon Aerogels -- 5.3.5.1 β-Resorcylic Acid in Metal Doped Carbon Aerogels Synthesis -- 5.3.5.2 Metal Doped Aerogels from Resorcinol -- 5.3.6 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 6 Resorcinol Formaldehyde Latex (RFL) Adhesives and Applications -- 6.1 Adhesive Formulations, Testing and Mechanism -- 6.1.1 Introduction -- 6.1.2 Resorcinol Formaldehyde Latex (RFL) Adhesive Formulations -- 6.1.2.1 Preparation of RFL Solutions -- 6.1.2.2 First Step Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Reaction Chemistry -- 6.1.2.3 RFL System or Final Formulation -- 6.1.3 Factors Affecting the RFL Performance -- 6.1.3.1 Method of RFL Preparation -- 6.1.3.2 Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (R/F) Ratio -- 6.1.3.3 Maturing of RFL on Adhesion -- 6.1.3.4 Effect of pH on Adhesion -- 6.1.3.5 Choice of Latex -- 6.1.3.6 RF Resin to Latex Ratio -- 6.1.4 Fiber Dipping and Heat Treating Conditions -- 6.1.4.1 RFL Dip Pickup -- 6.1.4.2 Heat Treatment of RFL Dipped Fibers or Cords -- 6.1.5 Adhesion Testing of RFL Treated Fibers or Cords -- 6.1.5.1 Adhesion Test Methods -- 6.1.5.2 H-Test Adhesion Method -- 6.1.5.3 Peel Adhesion Test Method -- 6.1.5.4 Cord Stability Test -- 6.1.6 Adhesion Mechanisms for RFL Systems -- 6.1.6.1 Mechanical Interlocking -- 6.1.6.2 Diffusion -- 6.1.6.3 Primary Chemical Bonding -- 6.1.6.4 Secondary Chemical Bonding -- References -- 6.2 Bonding Nylons to Rubber Compounds -- 6.2.1 Nylon Chemistry -- 6.2.2 Application of Nylon-6 and Nylon-66 in Tire Cords -- 6.2.3 RFL Chemistry and Nylon Bonding -- 6.2.4 Rubber Compounding Test Results -- References -- 6.3 Bonding Polyester to Rubber Compounds -- 6.3.1 Polyester Chemistry -- 6.3.2 Application of RFL in Polyester to Rubber Compounds Adhesion -- 6.3.3 Single Step RFL Formulation and PET Adhesion -- 6.3.3.1 Dimerization of Isocyanates -- 6.3.3.2 Trimerization of Isocyanates -- 6.3.3.3 Formation of Carbodiimides from Isocyanates -- 6.3.4 Chemistry and Mechanisms of Vulcabond-E Adhesion -- 6.3.5 Resorcinolic Derivatives in Single Dip RFL Formulations -- 6.3.6 Adhesion Difficulties of Single Step RFL Dip for Polyesters -- 6.3.7 Different Approaches in Double Dip Adhesives for Polyesters -- 6.3.7.1 Epoxy Resin in the Sub-Coat Formulation -- 6.3.7.2 Silane and Aliphatic Epoxy Resins in the Sub-Coat -- 6.3.7.3 Mixed Silanes in the Polyester Sub-Coat -- 6.3.7.4 Isocyanate Chemistry in the Sub-Coat -- 6.3.7.5 Non-Epoxy Activation of Polyester Surface -- 6.3.7.6 Epoxy Finish with Epoxy and Blocked Isocyanate in RFL -- 6.3.7.7 Flexibilizing RF Resin in RFL -- 6.3.8 Three Step Dip Process -- References -- 6.4 Bonding Aramid to Rubber Compounds -- 6.4.1 Aramid Chemistry and Properties -- 6.4.2 Aramid as Reinforcement in Rubber Compounds -- 6.4.3 Bonding Difficulties of Aramid Fibers to Rubber -- 6.4.4 Enhancing Aramid Adhesion -- 6.4.5 RFL Adhesive Systems for Aramid -- 6.4.6 Aramid Adhesion with Nitrile and Neoprene Compounds -- References -- 6.5 Bonding Poly (Benzoxazole), PBO, Fibers with Rubber Compounds -- 6.5.1 PBO Chemistry and Properties -- 6.5.2 RFL Bonding of PBO Fibers with Rubbers -- References -- 6.6 Bonding Carbon Fibers -- 6.6.1 Carbon Fiber Chemistry -- 6.6.2 Synthesis of Carbon Fibers from PAN -- 6.6.3 Comparison of Fiber Properties -- 6.6.4 RFL Formulations for Carbon Fibers -- References -- 6.7 Bonding EPDM and Nitrile Rubber Compounds with Fibers -- 6.7.1 Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) Rubbers -- 6.7.1.1 EPDM Rubbers in Hoses -- 6.7.1.2 EPDM Rubbers in Belts -- 6.7.1.3 Polyester Adhesion to EPDM Compounds -- 6.7.1.4 Aramid Adhesion with EPDM Compounds -- 6.7.2 Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubbers (HNBR) -- 6.7.2.1 HNBR Rubber Properties -- 6.7.3 RFL in Bonding Polyester to HNBR Compounds -- References -- 7 Resorcinol Based Polymers -- 7.1 Polyarylates -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Synthesis of Aromatic Polyesters or Polyarylates -- 7.1.2.1 Direct Esterification Method -- 7.1.2.2 Diacetate Method -- 7.1.2.3 Diphenyl Ester Process -- 7.1.2.4 Dicarboxylic Acid Chloride Methods -- 7.1.3 Structure and Properties of Polyarylates -- 7.1.3.1 Homopolyesters of Resorcinol -- 7.1.3.2 Copolyesters of Resorcinol and Properties -- 7.1.4 Blending of Resorcinol Polyarylates with Thermoplastics -- 7.1.5 Weatherable Polyesters from Resorcinol -- 7.1.6 Liquid Crystalline Polyesters from Resorcinol -- 7.1.7 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 7.2 Polycarbonates -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Resorcinol Monomer in Polycarbonates -- 7.2.3 General Methods of Polycarbonates Preparations -- 7.2.3.1 Melt Polycondensation Process -- 7.2.3.2 Solution Polycondensation Process -- 7.2.3.3 Interfacial Polycondensation Process -- 7.2.4 Homopolycarbonate from Resorcinol -- 7.2.5 Copolycarbonates Containing Resorcinol -- 7.2.6 Blends of Resorcinol Copolymer with ABS and SAN Resins -- 7.2.7 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 7.3 Polyestercarbonates -- 7.3.1 Polycarbonates -- 7.3.2 Weathering Exposure and Polycarbonate Stability -- 7.3.3 Advantages of Resorcinol Polyarylates as UV Stabilizers -- 7.3.4 Poly(resorcinol arylates) and Polycarbonates -- 7.3.5 Generalized Copolyestercarbonate Synthesis and Properties -- 7.3.6 Copolyestercarbonates from Resorcinol Methods of Preparation -- 7.3.6.1 Interfacial Polymerization Process -- 7.3.6.2 Melt Polycondensation Process -- 7.3.7 UV Stabilization and Mechanism of Protection -- 7.3.8 Blends of Copolyestercarbonate with Poly(butylene terephthalate) -- 7.3.9 Fiber Reinforced Laminates Using Polyestercarbonate Resins -- 7.3.10 Commercial Applications of Resorcinol Based Polyestercarbonates -- 7.3.10.1 Sollx Film Properties -- 7.3.10.2 Weatherability and Gloss Properties of Sollx -- 7.3.10.3 Scratch Resistance Property -- 7.3.11 Sollx Applications -- 7.3.12 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 7.4 Polymers from Cyanate Esters -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- 7.4.2 Synthesis of Cyanate Ester Compounds and Resins -- 7.4.3 Properties of Resorcinol Cyanate Esters -- 7.4.4 Prepolymers of Resorcinol Dicyanate Ester -- 7.4.5 Curing of Cyanate Ester Resins -- 7.4.6 Neat Resin Mechanical Properties of Resorcinol Dicyanate -- 7.4.7 Thermal and Electrical Properties of Resorcinol Cyanate Resins -- 7.4.8 Carbon Fiber-Resorcinol Dicyanate Composite Properties -- 7.4.9 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 7.5 Poly(Benzoxazoles) -- 7.5.1 Introduction -- 7.5.2 Synthesis of 4,6-Diaminoresorcinol (DAR) -- 7.5.2.1 Synthesis of DAR from Dinitro Resorcinols -- 7.5.2.2 Synthesis of DAR Using Diazo Resorcinols -- 7.5.2.3 Synthesis of DAR from Diacetyl Resorcinol -- 7.5.3 Stabilization of 4,6-Diaminoresorcinol -- 7.5.4 Synthesis of Poly(ρ-Phenylene Benzobisoxazole) (PBO) -- 7.5.5 Spinning of Polymer and Fiber Formation -- 7.5.6 Poly(benzoxazole) Fiber Properties -- 7.5.7 Flammability Properties of PBO and Other Fibers -- 7.5.8 Thermal Properties of PBO Polymer -- 7.5.9 Poly(benzoxazole) Applications -- 7.5.10 Use of DAR in other PBO Polymers and Applications -- 7.5.11 Biscyclobutarene Monomer and Polymers -- 7.5.12 Dihydroxy-Pendant PBO Polymer -- 7.5.13 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 7.6 Poly(arylene ethers) -- 7.6.1 Introduction -- 7.6.2 General Methods of Poly(arylene ethers) Synthesis -- 7.6.3 Poly(cyanoaryl ethers) from Resorcinol -- 7.6.3.1 Synthesis of Poly(cyanoaryl ether) -- 7.6.3.2 Poly(cyanoarylene ether) from Cyclic Oligomers -- 7.6.3.3 Synthesis and Properties of Poly(cyanoarylene ethers) -- 7.6.4 Copoly(cyanoaryl ethers) -- 7.6.5 Blending of PEN-R with Thermoplastic Materials and Properties -- 7.6.6 PEN-R Based Molding Compounds and Properties -- 7.6.7 Performance Comparison of PEN-R versus PEEK Resin -- 7.6.8 Laminated Products and Properties -- 7.6.9 Applications of PEN-R Resin -- 7.6.10 Poly(arylether sulfones) and Poly(arylether ketones) -- 7.6.11 Arylether Phthalonitrile Monomers and Polymers -- 7.6.12 Bismaleimide Resins Containing Ether Bridges -- 7.6.13 Acetylene Terminated Poly(phenylene ethers) -- 7.6.14 Halogens Containing Poly(arylether) Compounds -- 7.6.15 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 7.7 Epoxy Resins -- 7.7.1 Introduction -- 7.7.2 Diglycidyl Ether Compounds (Di-epoxides) -- 7.7.2.1 Resorcinol Diglycidyl Ether (RDGE) -- 7.7.2.2 Diglycidyl Ether of 4-Benzoyl Resorcinol (BRDGE) -- 7.7.2.3 Diglycidyl Ether of Styryl Substituted Resorcinol -- 7.7.2.4 Diglycidyl Ether of Isopropyl-substituted Resorcinol -- 7.7.2.5 Diglycidyl Ether of Tribromo Resorcinol -- 7.7.2.6 Diglycidyl Ether of 4-Vinyl Resorcinol -- 7.7.2.7 Diglycidyl Ether of 4-Methylol Resorcinol -- 7.7.2.8 Diglycidyl Ether of 4-Acetyl Resorcinol -- 7.7.3 Triglycidyl Ether Compounds -- 7.7.4 Tetraglycidyl Ether Resins (Tetraepoxides) -- 7.7.5 Polyglycidyl Ether Compounds (Polyepoxides) -- 7.7.6 Toughening of Resorcinolic Epoxy Resin Systems -- 7.7.7 Diglycidyl Ether of Alkoxylated Resorcinol -- 7.7.8 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 7.8 Barrier Polymers -- 7.8.1 Introduction -- 7.8.2 Polymers Exhibiting High Barrier Properties -- 7.8.3 Current Packaging Technologies for Oxygen Sensitive Materials -- 7.8.4 Plastic Beer Bottles and Production Challenges -- 7.8.5 Resorcinol Chemistry in High Barrier Polymers -- 7.8.6 HER Based Barrier Polymers -- 7.8.7 High Barrier Polymers from RDGE -- 7.8.7.1 Thermoplastic Barrier Polymers -- 7.8.7.2 Thermoset Barrier Polymers -- 7.8.8 High Barrier Polymers Based on RDOA -- 7.8.8.1 Polyesters from RDOA and Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acids -- 7.8.8.2 Container Performance with RDOA Based Polyesters -- 7.8.8.3 Polyesters from RDOA and Aromatic Diols -- 7.8.8.4 Polyester from Dual Functional Monomer -- 7.8.8.5 High Barrier Polyamides from RDOA -- 7.8.8.6 High Barrier RDOA Based Polyamide - Clay Nanocomposites -- 7.8.8.7 Polyesteramides from RDOA -- 7.8.9 Summary and Outlook --, and Contents note continued: References -- 7.9 Polyurethanes -- 7.9.1 Introduction -- 7.9.2 Cast Polyurethane Elastomers -- 7.9.3 Resorcinol Based Aromatic Diols -- 7.9.4 Cast Polyurethanes Using MDI Prepolymers -- 7.9.4.1 Comparative Performance of HER versus HQEE -- 7.9.4.2 Performance Comparison of HER and HER TG-210 Extenders -- 7.9.5 Highly Resilient and Thermally Stable Cast Elastomers. -- 7.9.5.1 Highly Resilient Cast Elastomers from TG-210 and Terathane Polyol Blends -- 7.9.5.2 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of High Resilient Elastomers -- 7.9.5.3 Hydrolysis Resistance of High Resilient Elastomers -- 7.9.6 High Hardness Cast Polyurethanes -- 7.9.7 HPR Extended Cast Elastomers -- 7.9.8 Cast Elastomers Based on TDI Prepolymers -- 7.9.9 Cast Polyurethanes Using PPDI Prepolymers -- 7.9.9.1 Heat Aging of Polyether Elastomers -- 7.9.9.2 DMA Study Results -- 7.9.9.3 Hydrolysis Resistance of Elastomers -- 7.9.9.4 DSC Analysis -- 7.9.10 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 8 Polymer Additives -- 8.1 UV Absorbers -- 8.1.1 Introduction -- 8.1.2 Resorcinol Based UV Absorbers for Polymers -- 8.1.3 Benzophenones from Resorcinol -- 8.1.3.1 UV Absorption Mechanism for Benzophenones Compounds -- 8.1.3.2 2,4-Dihydroxy Benzophenone and Derivatives -- 8.1.3.3 Dibenzoyl Resorcinol and Derivatives -- 8.1.3.4 Trihydroxybenzophenone Derivatives -- 8.1.3.5 Tetrahydroxybenzophenone and Derivatives -- 8.1.3.6 Polymerizable and Polymeric Benzophenones -- 8.1.4 Benzotriazoles -- 8.1.4.1 Benzotriazoles from Resorcinol -- 8.1.4.2 UV Absorbing Mechanism for Benzotriazole Compounds -- 8.1.4.3 Effect of Substitution on the UV Performance -- 8.1.4.4 Benzotriazole Derivatives -- 8.1.4.5 Polymerizable and Polymeric Benzotriazoles -- 8.1.5 Resorcinol Based Triazine Chemistry -- 8.1.5.1 Resorcinol-Triazine Chemistry - General -- 8.1.5.2 UV Absorbing Mechanism for Resorcinol-Triazine System -- 8.1.5.3 Tris-Resorcinol-Triazine and Derivatives -- 8.1.5.4 Bis-Resorcinol-Triazine Compound and Derivatives -- 8.1.5.5 Mono-resorcinol-Triazine Compounds and Their Derivatives -- 8.1.6 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 8.2 Flame Retardants -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 Thermoplastic Polymers Need Flame Retardants -- 8.2.2.1 Polycarbonate (PC) Resins -- 8.2.2.2 Polyphenylene Ether (PPE or PPO) Resins -- 8.2.2.3 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Resins -- 8.2.2.4 High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) Resins -- 8.2.2.5 Poly (Butylene Terephthalate) (PBT) Resin -- 8.2.3 Flammability Testing of Plastic Materials -- 8.2.3.1 Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) Method [11] -- 8.2.3.2 Cone Calorimeter Method -- 8.2.3.3 Underwriters Laboratory Vertical Burning Test (UL-94) -- 8.2.4 Flame Retardants from Resorcinol Chemistries -- 8.2.4.1 Resorcinol Bis-(Diphenyl Phosphate) Ester (RDP) -- 8.2.4.2 Mono-Hydroxy Terminated Resorcinol Diphosphate (RDP-OH) -- 8.2.4.3 Dihydroxy Terminated Resorcinol Diphosphate [RDP-(OH)2] -- 8.2.4.4 Resorcinol Bis-(dixylenyl) Phosphate -- 8.2.4.5 Bis-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) Phenyl Phosphate (BHPP) -- 8.2.5 Toxicity, Environmental and Health Aspects of RDP -- 8.2.6 Thermal Stabilities of Resorcinol Phosphate Esters -- 8.2.7 Applications of Resorcinol Phosphate Esters -- 8.2.7.1 Flow Modifier in Thermoplastic Resins -- 8.2.7.2 Flame Retardant Properties of ABS Resin Systems -- 8.2.7.3 Flame Retardant Properties in HIPS Polymers -- 8.2.7.4 Flame Retarded Properties in PPO/HIPS Systems -- 8.2.7.5 Flame Retarding Properties in PC and PC/ABS Resin Systems -- 8.2.8 Flame Retardant Mechanisms in PC/ABS and PPO/HIPS Resins -- 8.2.9 Flame Retardant Additives in Polyester Materials -- 8.2.10 Phosphorus-Nitrogen Synergism -- 8.2.11 Flame Retarded Epoxy Resins -- 8.2.12 Flame Retardancy in Polyurethanes -- 8.2.13 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 9 Resorcinol Chemistry in Pharmaceuticals Applications -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Alcoholism -- 9.3 Allergy and Inflammation -- 9.4 Alzheimer's Disease -- 9.5 Anaemia -- 9.6 Antiseptic, Bactericide and Germicide -- 9.7 Asthma -- 9.8 Cancer -- 9.9 Cholesterol -- 9.10 Diabetes and Obesity -- 9.11 Diagnosis and Biological Assays -- 9.12 Depression -- 9.13 Estrogens -- 9.14 Heart Failure -- 9.15 Immune Diseases -- 9.16 Leukotrienes -- 9.17 Malaria -- 9.18 Osteoporosis and Menopause -- 9.19 Pathological Conditions - Iron Overload Diseases -- 9.20 Skin Lightening Agents -- 9.21 Ulcers -- 9.22 Viral Infections -- 9.23 Weight Management -- 9.24 Preparative Procedures for Resorcinolic Derivatives -- 9.25 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Positive and Negative Photoresist Materials -- 10.2.1 Positive Photoresists -- 10.2.2 Negative Photoresists -- 10.3 Radiation Sensitivity of Photoresists -- 10.4 Resists with Good Lithographic Properties -- 10.5 Resorcinol Chemistry in Photoresist Applications -- 10.5.1 Heat Resistant Novolac Resins -- 10.5.2 Photoactive or Photosensitizer Compounds -- 10.5.3 Positive Dye Photoresist Compositions -- 10.5.4 Dissolution Inhibitors in Photoresist Compositions -- 10.6 Summary and Future Directions -- References.
- Subject(s):
- ISBN:
- 9783540251422 (acid-free paper)
3540251421 (acid-free paper)
9783540280903
3540280901
6611330097
9786611330095 - Bibliography Note:
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
View MARC record | catkey: 2951757