The politics of sentencing reform / Rod Morgan and Chris Clarkson -- The philosophy and politics of punishment and sentencing / Anthony Bottoms -- Sentencing reform in Victoria : a case-study / Arie Freiberg -- The Swedish sentencing reform / Nils Jareborg -- Sentencing reform : England and Wales / D.A. Thomas -- Proportionality and parsimony in American sentencing guidelines : the Minnesota and Oregon standards / Richard S. Frase -- The United States Sentencing Commission guidelines : if you don't know where you are going, you might not get there / Anthony N. Doob -- Reflections on the roles of the sentencing scholar / Andrew Ashworth -- Sentencing reform across national boundaries / Michael Tonry.