This title documents the history of the Rhenish-Westphalian Institute for Economic Research (RWI), re-founded in 1943 as the "Western Division" of the German Institute for Economic Research. Starting from the initial founding in 1926, it includes the post-war re-founding and reorientation of the Institute, its redirection in the new millennium through 2018, and describes the changing economic, political, and scientific contexts of the times.