Introduction -- 1. Ninth-to-eleventh-century Baghdad: an early abortive example -- 2. Damascus during the later tenth century -- 3. Aleppo during the eleventh to early twelfth centuries -- 4. Cordoba during the early decades of the eleventh century -- 5. Toledo during the eleventh century -- 6. Valencia during the later eleventh century -- 7. Tunis during the eleventh to twelfth centuries -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.