Master Handbook of Acoustics, Seventh Edition / F. Alton Everest, Ken C. Pohlmann
- Author
- Everest, F. Alton
- Published
- New York, N.Y. : McGraw-Hill Education, [2022]
- Copyright Date
- ?2022
- Edition
- Seventh edition.
- Physical Description
- 1 online resource (656 pages) : illustrations
- Additional Creators
- Pohlmann, Ken C.
Access Online
- Language Note
- In English.
- Contents
- Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Fundamentals of Sound -- Simple Harmonic Motion and the Sine Wave -- Sound in Media -- Wavelength and Frequency -- Complex Waveforms -- Octaves -- Spectrum -- Key Points -- 2 Sound Levels and the Decibel -- Ratios versus Differences -- Logarithms -- Decibels -- Reference Levels -- Logarithmic and Exponential Forms Compared -- Acoustic Power -- Using Decibels -- Measuring Sound-Pressure Level -- Sine-Wave Measurements -- Electrical, Mechanical, and Acoustical Analogs -- Key Points -- 3 Sound in the Free Field -- The Free Field -- Sound Divergence -- Sound Intensity in the Free Field -- Sound Pressure in the Free Field -- Sound Fields in Enclosed Spaces -- Hemispherical Field and Propagation -- Key Points -- 4 The Perception of Sound -- Sensitivity of the Ear -- Ear Anatomy -- Loudness versus Frequency -- Loudness versus Sound-Pressure Level -- Loudness and Bandwidth -- Loudness of Impulses -- Audibility of Loudness Changes -- Pitch versus Frequency -- An Experiment in Pitch -- Timbre versus Spectrum -- Localization of Sound Sources -- Binaural Localization -- Law of the First Wavefront -- Perception of Reflected Sound -- The Cocktail-Party Effect -- Aural Nonlinearity -- Subjective versus Objective Evaluation -- Occupational and Recreational Hearing Loss -- Key Points -- 5 Signals, Speech, Music, and Noise -- Sound Spectrograph -- Speech -- Music -- Dynamic Range of Speech and Music -- Power in Speech and Music -- Frequency Range of Speech and Music -- Auditory Area of Speech and Music -- Noise -- Noise Measurements -- Signal Distortion -- Harmonic Distortion -- Resonance -- Audio Filters -- Key Points -- 6 Reflection -- Specular Reflections -- Doubling of Pressure at Reflection -- Reflections from Convex Surfaces -- Reflections from Concave Surfaces -- Reflections from Parabolic Surfaces -- Whispering Galleries -- Standing Waves -- Corner Reflectors -- Mean Free Path -- Perception of Sound Reflections -- Key Points -- 7 Diffraction -- Diffraction and Wavefront Propagation -- Diffraction and Wavelength -- Diffraction by Obstacles -- Diffraction by Apertures -- Diffraction by a Slit -- Diffraction by a Zone Plate -- Diffraction around the Human Head -- Diffraction by Loudspeaker Cabinet Edges -- Diffraction by Various Objects -- Key Points -- 8 Refraction -- The Nature of Refraction -- Refraction in Solids -- Refraction in the Atmosphere -- Refraction in Enclosed Spaces -- Refraction in the Ocean -- Key Points -- 9 Diffusion -- The Perfectly Diffuse Sound Field -- Evaluating Diffusion in a Room -- Decay Beats -- Exponential Decay -- Spatial Uniformity of Reverberation Time -- Geometrical Irregularities -- Absorbent in Patches -- Concave Surfaces -- Convex Surfaces: The Polycylindrical Diffuser -- Plane Surfaces -- Key Points -- 10 Comb-Filter Effects -- Comb Filters -- Superposition of Sound -- Tonal Signals and Comb Filters -- Comb Filtering of Music and Speech Signals -- Comb Filtering of Direct and Reflected Sound -- Comb Filters and Critical Bands -- Comb Filters in Multichannel Playback -- Controlling Comb Filtering -- Reflections and Spaciousness -- Comb Filters in Microphone Placement -- Comb-Filter Effects in Practice: Six Examples -- Estimating Comb-Filter Response -- Key Points -- 11 Reverberation -- Growth of Sound in a Room -- Decay of Sound in a Room -- Idealized Growth and Decay of Sound -- Calculating Reverberation Time -- Measuring Reverberation Time -- Reverberation and Normal Modes -- Reverberation Characteristic -- Reverberation Time Variation with Position -- Decay Rate and the Reverberant Field -- Acoustically Coupled Spaces -- Electroacoustically Coupled Spaces -- Eliminating Decay Fluctuations -- Influence of Reverberation on Speech -- Influence of Reverberation on Music -- Optimum Reverberation Time -- Artificial Reverberation -- Examples of Reverberation Time Calculations -- Key Points -- 12 Absorption -- Dissipation of Sound Energy -- Absorption Coefficients -- Mounting of Absorbents -- Mid/High-Frequency Absorption by Porosity -- Glass-Fiber Low-Density Materials -- Glass-Fiber High-Density Boards -- Glass-Fiber Acoustical Tile -- Effect of Thickness of Absorbent -- Effect of Airspace behind Absorbent -- Effect of Density of Absorbent -- Open-Cell Foams -- Drapes as Sound Absorbers -- Carpet as Sound Absorber -- Sound Absorption by People -- Sound Absorption in Air -- Panel (Diaphragmatic) Absorbers -- Polycylindrical Absorbers -- Bass Traps: Low-Frequency Absorption by Resonance -- Helmholtz (Volume) Resonators -- Perforated Panel Absorbers -- Slat Absorbers -- Placement of Materials -- Reverberation Time of Helmholtz Resonators -- Increasing Reverberation Time -- Absorption Module Design -- Key Points -- 13 Modal Resonances -- Early Experiments and Examples -- Resonance in a Pipe -- Indoor Reflections -- Two-Wall Resonance -- Frequency Regions -- Room-Mode Equation -- Mode Decay -- Mode Bandwidth -- Mode Pressure Plots -- Mode Density -- Mode Spacing and Timbral Defects -- Optimal Room Proportions -- Splaying Room Surfaces -- Controlling Problem Modes -- Simplified Axial-Mode Analysis -- Key Points -- 14 Schroeder Diffusers -- Experimentation -- Reflection Phase-Grating Diffusers -- Quadratic Residue Diffusers -- Primitive Root Diffusers -- Performance of Diffraction-Grating Diffusers -- Reflection Phase-Grating Diffuser Applications -- Comparison of Gratings with Conventional Approaches -- Key Points -- 15 Adjustable Acoustics -- Draperies -- Portable Absorptive Panels -- Hinged Panels -- Louvered Panels -- Absorptive/Diffusive Adjustable Panels -- Variable Resonant Devices -- Rotating Elements -- Modular Low-Frequency Absorptive Devices -- Key Points -- 16 Sound Isolation and Site Selection -- Propagation through Barriers -- Approaches to Noise Control -- Airborne Noise -- Effect of Mass and Frequency -- Porous Materials -- Sound Transmission Class -- Structureborne Noise -- Noise and Room Resonances -- Site Selection -- The Noise Survey -- Assessment of Environmental Noise -- Recommended Practices -- Noise Measurements and Construction -- Floor Plan Considerations -- Key Points -- 17 Sound Isolation: Walls, Floors, and Ceilings -- Walls as Effective Noise Barriers -- The Mass Law and Wall Design -- Separation of Mass in Wall Design -- Wall Design Summary -- Improving an Existing Wall -- Flanking Sound -- Gypsum Board Walls as Sound Barriers -- Masonry Walls as Sound Barriers -- Weak Links -- Summary of Wall STC Ratings -- Floating Floors -- Floor/Ceiling Construction -- Floor/Ceiling Structures and Their IIC Performance -- Floor/Ceilings in Frame Buildings -- Key Points -- 18 Sound Isolation: Windows and Doors -- Single-Pane Windows -- Double-Pane Windows -- Acoustical Holes in Glass: Mass-Air-Mass Resonance -- Acoustical Holes in Glass: Coincidence Resonance -- Acoustical Holes in Glass: Standing Waves in the Cavity -- Glass Mass and Spacing -- Dissimilar Panes -- Laminated Glass -- Plastic Panes -- Slanting the Glass -- Third Pane -- Cavity Absorbent -- Thermal Glass -- Example of an Optimized Double-Pane Window -- Construction of an Observation Window -- Proprietary Observation Windows -- Sound-Isolating Doors -- Sound Locks -- Composite Partitions -- Key Points -- 19 Noise Control in Ventilating Systems -- Selection of Noise Criteria -- Fan Noise -- Machinery Noise and Vibration -- Air Velocity -- Natural Attenuation -- Duct Lining -- Plenum Silencers -- Proprietary Attenuators -- Reactive Silencers -- Tuned Silencers -- Duct Location -- ASHRAE -- Active Noise Control -- Key Points -- 20 Acoustics of Listening Rooms and Home Theaters -- Playback Criteria -- Planning the Playback Room -- Acoustical Treatment of Playback Rooms -- Peculiarities of Small-Room Acoustics -- Low-Frequency Considerations -- Mid/High-Frequency Considerations -- Loudspeaker Placement -- Listening Room Plan -- Home-Theater Plan -- Key Points -- 21 Acoustics of Home Studios -- Home Acoustics: Modes -- Home Acoustics: Reverberation -- Home Acoustics: Noise Control -- Home Studio Budget -- Home Studio Treatment -- Home Studio Plan -- Recording in the Home Studio -- Garage Studio -- Key Points -- 22 Acoustics of Small Recording Studios -- Ambient Noise Requirements -- Acoustical Characteristics of Small Studios -- Room Modes and Room Volume -- Reverberation Time -- Diffusion -- Noise -- Small Studio Design Example -- Key Points -- 23 Acoustics and of Large Recording Studios -- Design Criteria of a Large Studio -- Floor Plan -- Wall Sections -- Studio Treatment -- Drum Booth -- Vocal Booth -- Sound-Lock Corridor -- Reverberation Time -- Key Points -- 24 Acoustics of Control Rooms -- Initial Time-Delay Gap -- Live End?Dead End -- Specular Reflections versus Diffusion -- Low-Frequency Resonances in Control Rooms -- Initial Time-Delay Gaps in Practice -- Loudspeaker Placement, Reflection Paths, and Near-Field Monitoring -- The Reflection-Free-Zone Control Room -- Control-Room Frequency Range -- Outer Shell and Inner Shell of the Control Room -- Design Criteria of a Control Room -- Design Example 1: Control Room with Rectangular Walls -- Design Example 2: Double-Shell Control Room with Splayed Walls -- Design Example 3: Single-Shell Control Room with Splayed Walls -- Key Points -- 25 Acoustics of Isolation Booths -- Applications -- Design Criteria -- Isolation Requirements -- The Small-Room Problem -- Design Example 1: Traditional Isolation Booth -- Design Example 2: Isolation Booth with Cylindrical Traps -- Design Example 3: Isolation Booth with Diffusers -- Evaluation and Comparison -- Live End?Dead End Isolation Booth -- Key Points -- 26 Acoustics of Audiovisual Postproduction Rooms -- Design Criteria -- Design Example 1: Small Postproduction Room -- Design Example 2: Large Postproduction Room -- Key Points -- 27 Acoustics of Teleconference Rooms -- Design Criteria -- Shape and Size of the Room -- Floor Plan -- Ceiling Plan -- Elevation Views -- Reverberation Time -- Key Points -- 28 Acoustics of Large Halls -- Design Criteria -- Reverberation and Echo Control -- Air Absorption -- Hall Design for Speech -- Speech Intelligibility -- Concert Hall Acoustical Design -- Concert Hall Architectural Design -- Virtual Image Source Analysis -- Hall Design Procedure -- Case Studies -- Postscript -- Key Points -- A Overview of TDS and MLS Analysis -- B Room Auralization -- C Selected Absorption Coefficients -- Bibliography -- Glossary -- Index.
- Subject(s)
- Genre(s)
- ISBN
- 9781260473605 (e-ISBN)
1260473600 (e-ISBN)
9781260473599 (print-ISBN)
1260473597 (print-ISBN) - Bibliography Note
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- Other Forms
- Also available in print edition.
- Reproduction Note
- Electronic reproduction. New York, N.Y. : McGraw Hill, 2022. Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Web browser. Access may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
- Technical Details
- Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
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