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The hydrogen economy : opportunities, costs, barriers, and R & D needs / Committee on Alternatives and Strategies for Future Hydrogen Production and Use, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering of the National Academies

Published
Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press, [2004]
Copyright Date
©2004
Physical Description
1 online resource (xvi, 239 pages) : illustrations
Additional Creators
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Alternatives and Strategies for Future Hydrogen Production and Use, National Academy of Engineering, and National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
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Language Note
English.
Contents
Cover -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- Origin of the Study -- Department of Energy Offices Involved in Work on Hydrogen -- Scope, Organization, and Focus of This Report -- 2 A Framework for Thinking About the Hydrogen Economy -- Overview of National Energy Supply and Use -- Energy Transitions -- Motivation and Policy Context: Public Benefits of a Hydrogen Energy System -- Scope of the Transition to a Hydrogen Energy System -- Competitive Challenges -- Energy Use in the Transportation Sector -- Four Pivotal Questions -- 3 The Demand Side: Hydrogen End-Use Technologies -- Transportation -- Stationary Power: Utilities and Residential Uses -- Industrial Sector -- Summary of Research, Development, and Demonstration Challenges for Fuel Cells -- Findings and Recommendations -- 4 Transportation, Distribution, and Storage of Hydrogen -- Introduction -- Molecular Hydrogen as Fuel -- The Department of Energy's Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan -- Findings and Recommendations -- 5 Supply Chains for Hydrogen and Estimated Costs of Hydrogen Supply -- Hydrogen Production Pathways -- Consideration of Hydrogen Program Goals -- Cost Estimation Methods -- Unit Cost Estimates: Current and Possible Future Technologies -- Comparisons of Current and Future Technology Costs -- Unit Atmospheric Carbon Releases: Current and Possible Future Technologies -- Well-to-Wheels Energy-Use Estimates -- Findings -- 6 Implications of a Transition to Hydrogen in Vehicles for the U.S. Energy System -- Hydrogen for Light-Duty Passenger Cars and Trucks: A Vision of the Penetration of Hydrogen Technologies -- Carbon Dioxide Emissions as Estimated in the Committee's Vision -- Some Energy Security Impacts of the Committee's Vision -- Other Domestic Resource Impacts Based on the Committee's Vision -- Impacts of the Committee's Vision for Total Fuel Costs for Light-Duty Vehicles -- Summary -- Findings -- 7 Carbon Capture and Storage -- The Rationale of Carbon Capture and Storage from Hydrogen Production -- Findings and Recommendations -- 8 Hydrogen Production Technologies -- Hydrogen from Natural Gas -- Hydrogen from Coal -- Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy -- Hydrogen from Electrolysis -- Hydrogen Produced from Wind Energy -- Hydrogen Production from Biomass and by Photobiological Processes -- Hydrogen from Solar Energy -- 9 Crosscutting Issues -- Program Management and Systems Analysis -- Hydrogen Safety -- Exploratory Research -- International Partnerships -- Study of Environmental Impacts -- Department of Energy Program -- 10 Major Messages of This Report -- Basic Conclusions -- Major Recommendations -- References -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Biographies of Committee Members -- Appendix B Letter Report -- Appendix C DOE Hydrogen Program Budget -- Appendix D Presentations and Committee Meetings -- Appendix E Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses -- Appendix F U.S. Energy Systems -- Appendix G Hydrogen Production Technologies: Additional Discussion.
Summary
The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to examine key technical issues about the hydrogen economy to assist in the development of its hydrogen R & D program. Included in the assessment were the current state of technology; future cost estimates; CO2 emissions; distribution, storage, and end use considerations; and the DOE RD & D program. The report provides an assessment of hydrogen as a fuel in the nation's future energy economy and describes a number of important challenges that must be overcome if it is to make a major energy contribution. Topics covered include the hydrogen end-use technologies, transportation, hydrogen production technologies, and transition issues for hydrogen in vehicles.
Subject(s)
ISBN
0309530687 (electronic bk.)
9780309530682 (electronic bk.)
1280176326
9781280176326
0309091632 (pbk.)
9780309091633 (pbk.)
Digital File Characteristics
data file
Bibliography Note
Includes bibliographical references.
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