Introduction -- "This situation is incongruous in the extreme" : the history of land policies in the upper regions of Ghana -- Who owns Bolgatanga? : the revival of the earthpriest and emerging tensions over property -- Seizing opportunities : chieftaincy, land, and local administration -- Settled facts or facts to settle : land conflicts under institutional uncertainty -- "Bawku is still volatile" : ethnopolitical conflict and state recognition -- The rent of nonenforcement : access to forests resources -- Small dams and fluid tenure -- Conclusion.