The installed and planned sampling and monitoring systems for several ERDA and commercial nuclear fuel reprocessing and high-level waste solidification facilities are described. Source terms, estimated concentrations, and probable monitoring requirements for commercial facilities are presented and discussed. The state-of-the-art technology for reprocessing and waste solidification sampling and monitoring is described and present limitations discussed. Ongoing advanced sampling and monitoring development programs are presented and discussed, and additional development needs identified. Recommendations are made for research and development in the areas of alarm monitoring, continuous monitors, and instrument reliability.