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Synthesis of Air-Stable 2-Dimensional Heavy Metal Crystals

Author
Vera, Alexander
Published
[University Park, Pennsylvania] : Pennsylvania State University, 2024.
Physical Description
1 electronic document
Additional Creators
Robinson, Joshua
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Open Access.
Summary
Atomically thin, two dimensional (2D) materials have received enormous interest since the isolation of graphene at the turn of the 21st century. The sub-nanometer confinement of solid-state materials in 2D has led to an abundance of extraordinary optical and electronic properties, thanks in part to the inherently quantum nature confined 2D materials. These properties, if exploited, could lead to revolutions in telecommunications, sensing, and quantum computing, impacting almost every sector of human society and development. For example, the realization of atomically thin, highly crystalline 2D heavy metals with strong spin-orbit coupling is one of the precursors towards faster read/write times in spin-orbit torque spintronic devices. Compared to contemporary memory devices, spin-orbit torque devices have orders of magnitude less power consumption and memory volatility, making them especially attractive alternatives to meet the efficiency requirements of today's data revolution. However, many of the 2D metal candidates aresensitive to ambient, everyday conditions and prone to oxidation, precluding their use in devices. A new platform for creating air-stable, 2D heavy metals is therefore needed to overcome this materials challenge. To address this, the work in this dissertation leverages a novel synthesis platform termed confinement heteroepitaxy (CHet) to synthesize 2D allotropes of Pb, Bi, and various heavy metal alloys via intercalation. Through spectroscopy, microscopy, and transport metrology, this work aims to elucidate CHet as a viable route towards high efficiency spintronic devices. Pursuant to this goal, this dissertation will introduce a technical understanding of 2D heavy materials and outline the historical development of relevant intercalation techniques in Chapter 1, then Chapter 2 shall discuss synthesis and characterization methods used here. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 will cover the synthesis, structure and characterization of 2D-Pb, 2D-Ga, and 2D-Ga based alloys, respectively. Lastly, concluding remarks and future directions can be found in Chapter 6.
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Dissertation Note
Ph.D. Pennsylvania State University 2024.
Technical Details
The full text of the dissertation is available as an Adobe Acrobat .pdf file ; Adobe Acrobat Reader required to view the file.
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