Bases of the tradition of non-use -- The United States and the tradition I : the Truman and Eisenhower years (1945-1961) -- The United States and the tradition II : Kennedy to Clinton (1961-2001) -- Russia, Britain, France, China, and the tradition -- The second-generation nuclear states : Israel, India, Pakistan, and the tradition -- Nonnuclear states, the tradition, and limited wars -- The tradition and the nonproliferation regime -- Changing U.S. policies and the tradition.