1. How Animals Mean -- 2. Marie de France: the Courtly Fable -- 3. Nigel of Longchamp 's Speculum stultorurn -- 4. The Owl and the Nightingale -- 5. Chaucerian Birds -- 6. Reynard in England -- 7. Henry son: the Epicized Fable Conclusion -- Appendix 1. Suggested Identifications of Marie de France -- Appendix 2. Narrative Summary of the Speculum stultorum -- Appendix 3. The Epistle to William -- Appendix 4. Gallus et vulpes Bibliography.
