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Growth and mineral nutrition of field crops / Nand Kumar Fageria, Virupax C. Baligar, Charles Allan Jones

Author
Fageria, N. K., 1942-
Published
Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2011]
Copyright Date
©2011
Edition
3rd ed.
Physical Description
xxi, 560 pages, 4 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color), map ; 27 cm.
Additional Creators
Baligar, V. C. and Jones, C. Allan

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Contents
Chapter 1. Field Crops and Mineral Nutrition -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Field Crops -- 1.3. Mineral Nutrition -- 1.4. Summary -- References -- Chapter 2. Factors Affecting Production of Field Crops -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Environmental Factors -- 2.2.1. Climatic -- 2.2.1.1. Temperature -- 2.2.1.2. Moisture Supply -- 2.2.1.3. Solar Radiation -- 2.2.2. Soil -- 2.2.2.1. Physical Properties -- 2.2.2.2. Strategies to Improve Soil Physical Properties -- 2.2.2.3. Soil Chemical Properties -- 2.2.2.4. Biotic -- 2.2.2.5. Plant -- 2.3. Summary -- References -- Chapter 3. Nutrient Flux in Soil Plant System -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Nutrient Supply to Plant Roots -- 3.2.1. Mass Flow -- 3.2.2. Diffusion -- 3.2.3. Root Interception -- 3.3. Ion Absorption by Plants -- 3.3.1. Root Morphology -- 3.3.2. Plant Cell and Membranes -- 3.3.3. Active and Passive Ion Transport -- 3.3.4. Ion Uptake Mechanisms -- 3.3.4.1. Carrier Theory -- 3.3.4.2. ATPase Theory of Ion Transport -- 3.3.5. Ion Uptake Kinetics -- 3.3.6. Use of Solution Culture in Ion Uptake Studies -- 3.3.6.1. pH of Solution Culture -- 3.3.7. Ion Absorption Measurement -- 3.4. Summary -- Appendix 3.A -- 3.A.1. Preparation of FeEDDHA Solution -- 3.A.2. Preparation of FeHEDTA Solution -- 3.A.3. Preparation of FeEDTA Solution -- References -- Chapter 4. Diagnostic Techniques for Nutritional Disorders -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Soil Testing -- 4.2.1. Soil Sampling -- 4.2.2. Sample Preparation -- 4.2.3. Laboratory Analysis -- 4.2.3.1. pH and Lime Requirement -- 4.2.3.2. Nitrogen -- 4.2.3.3. Phosphorus -- 4.2.3.4. Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium -- 4.2.3.5. Micronutrients -- 4.2.3.6. Aluminum -- 4.2.4. Calibration and Interpretation -- 4.2.5. Fertilizer Recommendations -- 4.3. Plant Analysis -- 4.3.1. Collecting the Plant Sample -- 4.3.2. Sample Preparation -- 4.3.3. Chemical Analysis -- 4.3.4. Interpretation -- 4.3.5. Factors Affecting Nutrient Concentrations -- 4.3.5.1. Genotypic Differences -- 4.3.5.2. Plant Age -- 4.3.5.3. Nutrient Interactions -- 4.3.5.4. Environment -- 4.4. Visual Symptoms -- 4.5. Crop Growth Response -- 4.6. Correction of Nutrient Disorder -- 4.7. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5. Nutrient Management of Degraded Soils -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Definitions of Soil Degradation and Sustainable Soil Management -- 5.3. Processes and/or Factors of Soil Degradation -- 5.3.1. Physical Degradation -- 5.3.1.1. Deterioration of Soil Structure -- 5.3.2. Chemical Degradation -- 5.3.2.1. Nutrient Stress -- 5.3.2.2. Soil Acidity -- 5.3.2.3. Saline-Sodic Soils -- 5.3.2.4. Allelopathy -- 5.3.2.5. Indiscriminate Use of Pesticides -- 5.3.3. Biological Degradation -- 5.3.3.1. Decrease in Soil Organic Matter Content -- 5.3.3.2. Diseases, Insects, and Weeds -- 5.3.4. Socioeconomic Factors -- 5.3.4.1. Control Measures -- 5.4. Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Adequate and Toxic Levels of Essential and Nonessential Heavy Metals in Soil and Plant Tissues of Principal Food Crops -- 6.3. Tolerable Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil, Water, and Food Crops for Human and Animal Consumption -- 6.4. Heavy Metals Remediation Techniques -- 6.4.1. Liming -- 6.4.2. Improving Soil Organic Matter Content -- 6.4.3. Use of Adequate Rates of Fertilizers -- 6.4.4. Phytoremediation -- 6.4.5. Phytodegradation -- 6.5. Summary -- References -- Chapter 7. The Effects of Essential Nutrients on Plant Diseases -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Nitrogen -- 7.3. Phosphorus -- 7.4. Potassium -- 7.5. Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur -- 7.6. Micronutrients -- 7.6.1. Zinc -- 7.6.2. Boron -- 7.6.3. Manganese -- 7.6.4. Copper -- 7.6.5. Iron -- 7.6.6. Chlorine -- 7.6.7. Nickel -- 7.6.8. Silicon -- 7.6.9. Aluminum -- 7.6.10. Organic Manures -- 7.6.11. Plant Diseases and Salt-Affected Soils -- 7.7. Summary -- References -- Chapter 8. Wheat and Barley -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 8.3. Growth and Development -- 8.3.1. Growth Analysis -- 8.3.1.1. Crop Growth Rate -- 8.3.1.2. Relative Growth Rate -- 8.3.1.3. Net Assimilation Rate -- 8.3.2. Growth Stages -- 8.3.3. Partitioning of Dry Matter -- 8.3.4. Relationship between Growth and Yield -- 8.4. Nutrient Requirements -- 8.4.1. Nutrient Concentration -- 8.4.2. Nutrient Distribution in Plant Parts -- 8.5. Summary -- References -- Chapter 9. Rice -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 9.3. Growth and Development -- 9.3.1. Vegetative Growth Stage -- 9.3.1.1. Plant Height -- 9.3.1.2. Root Growth -- 9.3.1.3. Tillering -- 9.3.1.4. Shoot Dry Weight -- 9.3.1.5. Leaf Area Index -- 9.3.2. Reproductive Growth Stage -- 9.3.3. Spikelet Filling or Ripening Growth Stage -- 9.3.3.1. Spikelet Sterility -- 9.3.4. Spikelet Weight -- 9.4. Yield and Potential Yield -- 9.5. Yield Component Analysis -- 9.6. Grain Harvest Index -- 9.7. Nutrient Requirements -- 9.7.1. Upland Rice -- 9.7.2. Nutrient Concentration and Uptake -- 9.7.3. Fertilizer Recommendations -- 9.8. Lowland Rice -- 9.8.1. Electrochemical Changes in Submerged Soils -- 9.8.2. Management of Nitrogen in Lowland Rice -- 9.8.2.1. Adequate Rate -- 9.8.2.2. Timing of Nitrogen Application -- 9.8.3. Source and Method -- 9.8.4. Use of N-Efficient Genotypes -- 9.8.5. Nitrogen Use Efficiency -- 9.8.6. Nitrogen Harvest Index -- 9.9. Management of Phosphorus in Lowland Rice -- 9.10. Management of Potassium in Lowland Rice -- 9.10.1. Soil Test Calibration to Potassium -- 9.11. Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur -- 9.12. Management of Micronutrients in Lowland Rice -- 9.12.1. Zinc -- 9.12.2. Boron -- 9.13. Nutrient Concentration and Uptake -- 9.14. Iron Deficiency and Toxicity in Lowland Rice -- 9.14.1. Iron Uptake Mechanisms -- 9.14.2. Factors Inducing Iron Toxicity -- 9.14.2.1. Release of Iron from Parent Material in Soil Solution -- 9.14.2.2. Oxidation Reduction Potential -- 9.14.2.3. Soil pH -- 9.14.2.4. Ionic Strength -- 9.14.2.5. Low Soil Fertility -- 9.14.2.6. Interaction with Other Nutrients -- 9.14.3. Physiological Disorders Related to Iron Toxicity -- 9.14.4. Management Practices to Ameliorate Iron Toxicity -- 9.15. Salinity -- 9.16. Summary -- References -- Chapter 10. Corn -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 10.3. Growth and Development -- 10.3.1. Germination -- 10.3.2. Roots -- 10.3.3. Stem and Leaves -- 10.3.4. Inflorescence -- 10.3.5. Growth Stages -- 10.3.6. Dry Matter Production -- 10.3.7. Leaf Area Index -- 10.4. Yield and Yield Components -- 10.5. Nutrient Requirements -- 10.5.1. Nutrient Uptake -- 10.5.2. Nutrient Concentration -- 10.6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 11. Sorghum -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 11.3. Growth and Development -- 11.3.1. Germination -- 11.3.2. Roots -- 11.3.3. Stem, Leaves, and Tillers -- 11.3.4. Inflorescence -- 11.3.5. Growth Stages -- 11.3.6. Dry Matter Production -- 11.3.7. Leaf Area Index -- 11.4. Yield and Yield Components -- 11.5. Nutrient Requirements -- 11.5.1. Nutrient Uptake -- 11.6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 12. Soybean -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 12.3. Growth and Development -- 12.3.1. Germination and Seedling Growth -- 12.3.2. Vegetative Development -- 12.3.2.1. Roots -- 12.3.2.2. Nodulation -- 12.3.2.3. Top Growth -- 12.3.3. Reproductive Growth -- 12.3.4. Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Stages -- 12.4. Yield Components -- 12.5. Major Yield-Determining Physiological Parameters -- 12.5.1. Dry Matter -- 12.5.2. Crop Growth Rate -- 12.5.3. Leaf Area Index -- 12.5.4. Net Assimilation Rate -- 12.5.5. Grain Harvest Index -- 12.6. Nutrient Requirements -- 12.6.1. Nutrient Concentration and Uptake -- 12.7. Summary -- References -- Chapter 13. Common Bean and Cowpea -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Common Bean -- 13.2.1. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 13.2.2. Growth and Development -- 13.2.2.1. Seedling Morphology -- 13.2.2.2. Roots -- 13.2.2.3. Shoot -- 13.2.3. Growth Stages -- 13.2.4. Dry Matter -- 13.2.5. Yield Components and Yield -- 13.2.5.1. Number of Pods versus Seed Yield -- 13.2.5.2. Seeds per Pod and Hundred Seed Weight versus Seed Yield. and 13.2.5.3. Seed Harvest Index versus Seed Yield -- 13.2.5.4. Nitrogen Harvest Index and Seed Yield -- 13.2.6. Biological Nitrogen Fixation -- 13.2.7. Nutrient Requirements -- 13.2.7.1. Nutrient Concentrations, Uptake, and Use Efficiency -- 13.3. Cowpea -- 13.3.1. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 13.3.2. Growth and Development -- 13.3.2.1. Dry Matter -- 13.3.3. Yield Components and Yield -- 13.3.4. Biological Nitrogen Fixation -- 13.3.5. Nutrient Requirements -- 13.4. Summary -- References -- Chapter 14. Peanut -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 14.3. Growth and Development -- 14.3.1. Germination and Seedling Growth -- 14.3.2. Roots -- 14.3.3. Tops -- 14.3.4. Dry Matter -- 14.3.5. Leaf Area Index -- 14.3.6. Grain Harvest Index -- 14.4. Yield Components -- 14.5. Nutrient Requirements -- 14.5.1. Nutrient Concentration and Uptake -- 14.6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 15. Sugarcane -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 15.3. Growth and Development -- 15.3.1. Shoots -- 15.3.2. Roots -- 15.4. Crop Culture -- 15.4.1. Planting -- 15.4.2. Water Requirements, Irrigation, and Drainage -- 15.4.3. Nutrient Requirements -- 15.4.4. Biological Nitrogen Fixation -- 15.4.5. Ripening -- 15.4.6. Harvest and Ratoon Growth -- 15.5. Summary -- References -- Chapter 16. Cassava and Potato -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Cassava -- 16.2.1. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 16.2.2. Growth and Development -- 16.2.2.1. Roots -- 16.2.2.2. Tops -- 16.2.2.3. Leaf Area Index -- 16.2.2.4. Dry Matter -- 16.2.2.5. Harvest Index -- 16.2.3. Soil Nutrient Requirements -- 16.2.3.1. Plant Nutrient Concentrations -- 16.2.3.2. Nutrient Accumulation -- 16.3. Potato -- 16.3.1. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 16.3.2. Growth and Development -- 16.3.2.1. Roots -- 16.3.2.2. Tops -- 16.3.2.3. Tubers -- 16.3.2.4. Dry Matter -- 16.3.3. Nutrient and Cultural Requirements -- 16.3.3.1. Nutrient Concentrations -- 16.3.3.2. Nutrient Accumulation -- 16.4. Summary -- References -- Chapter 17. Cotton -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 17.3. Growth and Development -- 17.3.1. Germination and Emergence -- 17.3.2. Root System -- 17.3.3. Stem and Leaves -- 17.3.4. Fruit Development -- 17.3.5. Dry Matter Production -- 17.3.6. Leaf Area Index -- 17.3.7. Photosynthesis -- 17.4. Yield and Yield Components -- 17.5. Nutrient Requirements -- 17.5.1. Nutrient Uptake -- 17.5.2. Nutrient Concentration -- 17.6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 18. Forage -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Growth and Development -- 18.2.1. Grasses -- 18.2.1.1. Roots -- 18.2.1.2. Stems -- 18.2.1.3. Leaves -- 18.2.1.4. Inflorescence -- 18.2.2. Legumes -- 18.2.2.1. Roots -- 18.2.2.2. Tops -- 18.2.3. Growth Stages -- 18.2.4. Stand Establishment -- 18.2.5. Growth Habits -- 18.2.6. Dry Matter -- 18.3. Grass Legume Mixtures -- 18.4. Nutritive Value -- 18.5. Nitrogen Fixation -- 18.6. Nutrient Requirements -- 18.6.1. Nutrient Concentration and Uptake -- 18.7. Summary -- References -- Chapter 19. Cover Crops -- 19.1. Introduction -- 19.2. Climate and Soil Requirements -- 19.3. Response to Abiotic and Biotic Factors -- 19.4. Beneficial Effects of Cover Crops -- 19.4.1. Soil Erosion Control -- 19.4.2. Soil Physical Properties and Water-Holding Capacity -- 19.4.3. Soil Organic Matter -- 19.4.4. Nitrogen Economy and Soil Fertility -- 19.4.5. Soil Biological Activity -- 19.4.6. Weed Suppression -- 19.4.7. Reduction of Diseases and Insect Pest Problems -- 19.4.8. Crop Yield Improvements -- 19.5. Strengths and Limitations -- 19.6. Management and Fertilizer Requirements -- 19.7. Strategies for Success in Cover Crop Establishment -- 19.7.1. Suitability of Species -- 19.7.2. Seed Treatment -- 19.7.3. Seed Inoculation with Rhizobia and Mycorrhizae -- 19.7.4. Land Preparation and Planting -- 19.7.5. Light and Shade Management -- 19.7.6. Crop Residue Management -- 19.7.7. Drought Management -- 19.8. Summary -- References.
Summary
"This new edition of a bestseller examines plant nutrition's role as one of the most important limiting factors that must be overcome to optimize food production. Extensively revised and updated, the new edition provides comprehensive coverage of on topics such as genetic, physiological, and agronomic bases of crop growth. It covers soil-plant-climatic relationships that govern the growth and mineral nutrition of crops in temperate and tropical regions. The book contains two new chapters covering remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils and cover crops as well as several new figures, references, and tables"--
Subject(s)
ISBN
9781439816950 (hardback)
1439816956 (hardback)
Bibliography Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
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