Greenhouse operation and management / Paul V. Nelson

Author:: Nelson, Paul V.
Published:: Boston : Prentice Hall, 2011.
Edition:: 7th ed.
Physical Description:: xv, 607 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 28 cm

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Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1.Floriculture---A Global Industry / Paul V. Nelson -- Origin of the Greenhouse Industry -- United States Production -- Cut Flowers -- Eastern Centers -- Southern Outdoor Production -- Colorado Greenhouse Production -- California Greenhouse Production -- Foreign Imports -- Foliage Plants -- Flowering Potted Plants -- Bedding Plants -- World Production -- Floral Marketing -- Production Opportunities in Developed Market Countries -- Small Growers -- Large Growers -- Midsize Growers -- Careers in the Greenhouse Industry -- Bibliography -- 2.Greenhouse Construction / Paul V. Nelson -- Location -- Room for Expansion -- Topography -- Land-Use Prediction -- Climate -- Labor Supply -- Accessibility -- Water -- Orientation -- Floor Plan -- Glass Greenhouses -- Film Plastic Greenhouses -- Role -- Types of Film Plastic -- Polyethylene -- Vinyl -- ETFE -- Polyester -- Film Plastic Greenhouse Designs -- Wood-Frame Greenhouses -- Quonset Greenhouses -- Gutter-Connected Greenhouses -- Double-Layer Covering -- Rigid-Panel Greenhouses -- Polyvinyl Chloride -- Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic -- Role -- Light Transmission -- Heat Transmission -- Construction -- Fire Hazard -- Acrylic and Polycarbonate -- Benches and Beds -- Cut Flowers -- Potted-Plant Crops -- Cost of Greenhouse Construction -- New Design Innovations -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 3.Greenhouse Heating / Paul V. Nelson -- Types of Heat Loss -- Heating Systems -- Unit Heater Systems -- Unit Heaters -- Heat Distribution: Convection Tubes -- Heat Distribution: Horizontal Airflow -- Central Heating Systems -- The Boiler -- Heat Distribution -- Radiant Heater Systems -- Solar Heating Systems -- Collector -- Heat and Storage Exchange -- Backup Heater -- Controls -- Economics -- Greenhouse Temperature Sensing -- Emergency Heaters and Generators -- Fuel -- Calculation of Heat Requirements -- A-Frame Greenhouse -- Quonset Greenhouse -- Gutter-Connected Greenhouse -- Significance of K, C, and CW Factors -- Heat Conservation -- Greenhouse Design -- Double Covering -- Thermal Screens -- Air Circulation -- Lower Air Temperature -- Radiant Heat -- Wall Insulation -- Sealing Air Leaks -- Windbreaks -- High-Efficiency Heaters -- Heater Maintenance -- Thermostat Maintenance -- Maximum Greenhouse Plant Occupancy -- Cool-Temperature Crops -- Combined Economics -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 4.Greenhouse Cooling / Paul V. Nelson -- Summer Cooling Systems -- Passive Ventilator Cooling -- Active Fan-and-Pad System -- Rate of Air Exchange -- Pad Types and Specifications -- Fan Placement -- The Airstream -- Active Fog Cooling System -- Winter Cooling Systems -- Active Convection-Tube Cooling -- Active HAF Cooling -- Cooling Hobby Greenhouses -- Integration of Heating and Cooling Systems -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 5.Environmental Control Systems / Paul V. Nelson -- Types of Controls -- Manual Controls -- On/Off Switches -- Staged Controllers -- Computers: Integrated Control -- Computers: Model-Based Control -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Acknowledgment -- 6.Root Substrate / Paul V. Nelson -- Functions of Root Substrate -- Adaptation of Field Soil to Containers -- Desirable Properties of a Root Substrate -- Stability of Organic Matter -- Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio -- Bulk Density -- Moisture Retention and Aeration -- Cation Exchange Capacity -- pH -- Components of Root Substrate -- Field Soil -- Peat Moss and Peats -- Bark -- Coir -- Sawdust -- Whole Tree Chips -- Animal Manure Composts -- Crop By-Products -- Composted Municipal Garbage-Trash -- Vermiculite -- Calcined Clay -- Sand -- Perlite -- Polystyrene Foam -- Rock Wool -- Rice Hulls -- Soil-Based Substrate -- Formulation -- Maintenance -- Soilless Substrate -- Commercial Formulations -- Germination Substrate (Category I) -- Young Plant Substrates (Category II) -- General Peat Moss--Based and Bark-Based Substrates (Categories III and IV) -- Large Container Substrates (Category V) -- Self-Formulations -- Fertilizer Amendments -- Economics of Substrate -- Preparation and Handling of Substrate -- Small-Batch Handling -- Intermediate-Volume Handling -- Large, Fully Automated Systems -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 7.Root Substrate Pasteurization / Paul V. Nelson -- Steam Pasteurization -- Temperature Requirements -- Root Substrate Preparation -- Steam Sources -- Steam Distribution -- Covers -- After-Steaming Problems -- Chemical Pasteurization -- Methyl Bromide -- Chloropicrin -- Methyl Iodide -- Tractor Application -- Drip Application -- Steam for Field Beds -- Residue Test -- Reinoculation -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 8.Watering / Paul V. Nelson -- Effects of Watering on Plants -- Underwatering -- Overwatering -- Rules of Watering -- Rule 1 Use a Well-Drained Substrate -- Rule 2 Water Thoroughly Each Time -- Rule 3 Water Just Before Moisture Stress Occurs -- Water Quality -- Soluble Salt (EC) -- Alkalinity -- Hardness -- Specific Elements -- Reverse Osmosis -- Watering Systems -- Open Watering Systems -- Perimeter Watering for Cut-Flower Crops -- Turbulent Twin-Wall for Cut-Flower Crops -- Tube Watering for Container Plants -- Mat Watering for Container Plants -- Overhead Sprinklers for Container Plants -- Boom Watering for Container Plants -- Closed Watering Systems -- Ebb-and-Flood Systems for Container Plants -- Trough Culture for Container Plants -- Flood Floor System for Container Plants -- Float System for Tobacco and Some Vegetable Seedlings -- NFT System for Cut Flowers and Vegetables -- Rock Wool for Cut Flowers and Vegetables -- Greenhouse Water Lines -- Further Considerations -- Effluent Reduction -- Pulse Watering -- Whole-Firm Recirculation -- Life Expectancy -- Water System Sterilization -- Water Pasteurization -- Hypochlorous Acid (sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, chlorine gas) -- Chlorine Dioxide -- Peracids (hydrogen peroxide) -- Ozone -- UV Radiation -- Copper Ions -- Heat Treatment -- Automation -- Solenoid Water Valves -- Automated Water Decision -- Economics -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 9.Fertilization / Paul V. Nelson -- Fertilization Programs -- Pre-Plant Fertilization -- Limestone (Calcium and Magnesium) -- Sulfate for pH Reduction -- Phosphorus -- Sulfur -- Micronutrients -- Nitrogen and Potassium -- Post-Plant Fertilization -- Formulating Fertilizers -- Rule of 75 -- Conversion Table -- Table of Fertilizer Formulas -- Automated Fertilizer Application -- Slow-Release Fertilizers -- Polymer-Encapsulated Fertilizers -- Urea Aldehydes -- Sulfur-Coated Fertilizers -- Chelated Micronutrients -- Nutritional Monitoring and Diagnosis -- Visual Diagnosis -- Substrate Testing -- Test Meters -- Sampling Procedure -- Substrate Extraction Procedures -- Soluble Salts -- Foliar Analysis -- Nutritional Diagnosis -- Interactions -- Corrective Procedures -- Essential Nutrients -- Substrate pH -- Raising Substrate phi -- Lowering Substrate pH -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 10.Carbon Dioxide Fertilization / Paul V. Nelson -- Role of Carbon -- Carbon Deficiency -- Carbon Dioxide Injection -- Effects on Plants -- Method of Carbon Dioxide Injection -- Measurement and Control of Carbon Dioxide Levels -- Economics of Carbon Dioxide Injection -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 11.Light and Temperature / Paul V. Nelson -- Light -- Light Quality -- Light Quality for Growth (photosynthesis) -- Light Quality for Plant Development -- Light Intensity -- Maximizing Light Intensity -- Reducing Light Intensity -- Supplemental Lighting -- Germination Chambers -- Daily Light Integral -- Light, Flowering, and the Juvenile Growth Stage -- Light Duration -- Photoperiodic Categories -- Methods of Photoperiodic Control -- Temperature -- Temperature Requirements for Crops -- Temperature Interrelationships -- DIF---The Day-to-Night Temperature Relationship -- Height Control by DIF -- Flowering Time -- Side Effects -- Implementation of DIF in Warm Seasons -- Graphical Tracking -- Computer Control -- Subconventional Temperature Production -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 12.Regulation of Plant Growth / Mike R. Evans -- Nonchemical Growth Control -- Water Stress -- Nutritional Stress -- Light -- Root Restriction -- Pinching -- Thigmotropic Responses -- DIF and DROP -- Chemical Growth Control of Height -- Daminozide (commercial names: B-Nine®, Compress WSG®, and Dazide®) -- Chlormequat Chloride (commercial names: Chlormequat E-Pro®, Citadel®, and Cycocel®) -- Ancymidol (commercial names: Abide® and A-Rest®) -- Flurprimidol (commercial name: Topflor®) -- Paclobutrazol (commercial names: Bonzi®, Downsize® [labeled for drench applications only], Paczol®, Florazol®, and Piccolo®) -- Uniconazole (commercial names: Concise® and Sumagic®) -- Other Growth Regulators Used in Greenhouse Crop Production -- Abscisic Acid (commercial name: ConTego®) -- Dikegulac Sodium (commercial name: Augeo®) -- Ethephon Phosphonic Acid (commercial name: Florel®) -- Benzyladenine (commercial name: Configure®) -- Gibberellins (commercial names: Florgib® and ProGibb T&O®) -- Benzyladenine + Gibberellin Combinations (commercial names: Fascination® and Fresco®) -- Application of Growth Regulators -- Environmental Conditions -- Crop -- Stage of Crop -- Concentration -- Method of Application -- Volume of Application -- Coverage and Uniformity -- Modifications with Bark-Based Substrates -- Other Benefits with the Application of Plant Growth Regulators -- Mixing Plant Growth Regulators -- Correct Dosage -- Keys to Successfully Applying Plant Growth Regulators -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 13.Insect and Mite Management in Greenhouses / Raymond A. Cloyd -- Insect and Mite Pests of Greenhouses -- Aphids -- Caterpillars -- Fungus Gnats -- Leafminers -- Mealybugs -- Mites -- Scales -- Shore Flies -- Snails and Slugs -- Thrips -- Whiteflies -- Feeding Behaviors of Insect and Mite Pests -- Pest Management -- Weed Control -- Sanitation -- Introduction of Plant Material into Greenhouses -- Insect Screening/Exclusion -- Scouting -- Biological and Contents note continued: Aphid Biological Control Agents -- Caterpillar Biological Control Agents -- Fungus Gnat Biological Control Agents -- Leafminer Biological Control Agents -- Mealybug Biological Control Agents -- Scale Biological Control Agents -- Two-Spotted Spider Mite Biological Control Agents -- Thrips Biological Control Agents -- Whitefly Biological Control Agents -- Pesticides -- Surfactants -- Pesticide Label Restrictions Associated with Phototoxicity and Resistance Management -- Pesticide Resistance -- Resistance Management -- Pesticide Mixtures -- Plant Injury or Phytotoxicity -- Pesticide Storage and Shelf Life -- Pesticide Safety -- Worker Protection Standards -- Posting Information -- Pesticide Safety Training -- Decontamination Supplies -- Emergency Assistance -- Application Restrictions -- Restricted-Entry Intervals -- Notice of Application -- Application Equipment Safety -- Personal Protective Equipment -- Pesticide Containers and Disposal -- Pesticide Toxicity (LD50 values) -- Pesticide Application Methods -- Spray Droplet Size -- High-Volume Application -- Low-Volume Application -- Aerosol Application -- Fog Application -- Smoke Application -- Growing Medium Applications -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 14.Disease Management / Raymond A. Cloyd -- Introduction to Plant Diseases -- Fungi -- How Fungi Are Spread -- Bacteria -- Spread of Bacteria -- Management of Bacterial Diseases -- Examples of Common Bacterial Diseases -- Viruses -- Symptoms Caused by Viruses -- Spread of Viruses -- Management of Viruses -- Examples of Common Greenhouse Viruses -- Nematodes -- Foliar Nematodes -- Disease Detection and Diagnosis -- Disease Management -- Start with Clean Plant Material -- Maintain Clean Stock Plants -- Use Resistant Species and Cultivars -- Sterilize Pots and Tools -- Use Clean Growing Media -- Sterilize Potting Benches -- Clean Up and Discard All Plant Debris -- Manage Relative Humidity and Leaf Wetness -- Manage Growing Medium Moisture -- Remove Weeds -- Scout Crops and Maintain Records -- Disease Control Materials -- Fungicides -- Bactericides -- Biological Controls -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 15.Maintaining Postproduction Quality / John M. Dole -- General Issues -- Water -- Temperature -- Light -- Diseases -- Ethylene -- Ethylene Control -- Silver Thiosulfate -- 1-Methylcyclopropene (EthylBloc) -- Preharvest Factors -- Cultivar -- Light -- Temperature -- Nutrition -- Growth Regulators -- Pests -- Harvest -- Developmental Stage -- Harvest Time -- Storage and Shipping -- Retail Environment -- Containerized Plants -- Container Size -- Overall Production -- Toning During Late Production -- Shipping -- Cut Flowers, Foliages, Stems, and Fruits -- Stem Blockage -- Water Quality -- Floral Preservatives -- Unrooted Cuttings -- Commercial Testing -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 16.Marketing / Robin G. Brumfield -- Packaging -- Grades and Standards -- The Market System -- Market Channels -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Wholesale Marketing -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Marketing -- Market Components -- Retailers -- Wholesalers -- Brokers -- Auctions -- Importers -- Exporters -- Contract Growing -- Cooperatives -- Integration of Market Components -- Bedding Plants -- Flowering Potted Plants -- Foliage Plants -- Cut Flowers -- Consolidation for Enhanced Marketing -- Eco-Labels -- Promotion, Advertising, and Branding -- Promotional Programs and Marketing Orders -- Personal Brands -- Customer Loyalty Programs -- Consumer Value Proposition -- Types of Consumer Value Propositions -- Generational Demographics -- Web Sites and Social Networking -- Marketing Strategies -- Create and Exploit Your Competitive Advantage -- Find Your Market Niche: Match Strengths to Opportunities -- Be an Optimist: Turn Weaknesses into Strengths -- Know Your Costs: Focus on Cost Control -- Integrate Horizontally: Control More of the Market -- Vertically Integrate the Business: Make Buying an Experience -- Consider Not Competing in the Lowest-Price Market -- Summary -- Bibliography -- 17.Business Management / Robin G. Brumfield -- Business Plan -- What Is a Business Plan? -- What Should Be in a Business Plan? -- Executive Summary -- Business Description -- Business Type and Size -- History, Current Status, and Plans for the Future -- Location and Facilities -- Ownership Structure -- Sole Proprietorship -- Partnership -- Corporation -- Limited Liability Company -- Land Trust -- Cooperative -- Strategic Plan: Business and Industry Profiles -- Mission and Vision Statements -- Goals and Objectives -- Opportunities and Issues Analysis: SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) -- Competitive Position: Internal Strengths and Weaknesses -- Industry Analysis: External Opportunities and Threats -- Business Strategy -- Develop Strategic Alternatives -- Select a Basic Strategy -- Implement the Plan -- Production and Operations Plan -- Cultural Records -- Gantt Charts: Planning and Scheduling for Labor Needs -- Plant Environment Records -- Production Records -- Risk Management Plan -- Market Analysis: Marketing Plan -- Markets: Who Are the Target Customers and What Do They Value? -- Market Segments -- Size of the Market -- Product: What Product Will Be Offered and How Is It Unique? -- The Competition: Who Are the Competitors and How Will the Firm Position Itself? -- Distribution of the Product or Service -- Packaging -- Pricing: How Is Product Price Determined? -- Promotion: How and What Will We Communicate to Our Buyers or Customers? -- Marketing Strategy -- Management and Personnel Plans -- Management Team -- Labor Management -- Tips on Developing an Employee Handbook -- Working Conditions -- Management Plan -- Financial Plan -- Financial Projections -- Projected Production and Sales -- Projected Profitability: Income Statement -- Balance Sheet -- Cash Flow -- Cost Accounting -- Ratio Analysis -- Profitability Ratios -- Efficiency Ratios -- Liquidity Ratios -- Solvency Ratios -- Benchmarks -- Capital Required -- Supporting Documentation -- Reviewing Business Plans -- Summary -- Bibliography.

Summary:

"[This book] is a state-of-the-art guide to the operation of commercial flower and vegetable greenhouses and presents coverage in the order in which decision-making concerns occur for a person entering the greenhouse business... It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions in layman's terms for ALL aspects of the business - from the physical facilities, to the day-to-day operations, to business management and marketing." -- Book Jacket.

Subject(s):

ISBN:

9780132439367
0132439360

Bibliography Note:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

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