The development and evolution of high-risk writing instruction -- The late 1960s and early 1970s: Coming to terms with racial crisis -- The mid-1970s: literacy crisis meets color-blindness -- The late 1970s and early 1980s: Competence concerns in the age of Bakke -- The late 1980s and early 1990s: culture wars and the politics of identity -- The late 1990s to the present: the end of an era.