Machine generated contents note: one.Social justice, legitimacy and criminal justice -- two.What happened in criminal justice: the 1980s -- three.A change of direction: the 1990s -- four.Crime prevention, civil society and communities -- five.Courts, punishment and sentencing -- six.Police, policing and communities -- seven.Community sentences and desistance from crime -- eight.Prisons: security, rehabilitation and humanity -- nine.The role of government in criminal justice -- ten.Policy, politics and the way forward.