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Structural health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges [electronic resource] / You-Lin Xu and Yong Xia

Author
Xu, You-Lin, 1952-
Published
Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Spon Press, 2012.
Physical Description
1 online resource (xvii, 369 pages) : illustrations
Additional Creators
Xia, Yong, 1971-
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Contents
Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction -- 1.1.The Objective of Structural Health Monitoring -- 1.2.The History of Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges -- 1.3.Recent Developments in Structural Health Monitoring -- 1.4.Organization of the Book -- 1.5.References -- ch. 2 Long-span Suspension Bridges -- 2.1.Preview -- 2.2.The History of Long-span Suspension Bridges -- 2.3.The Built Environment and Loading Conditions -- 2.3.1.Dead Load -- 2.3.2.Railway Load -- 2.3.3.Highway Load -- 2.3.4.Temperature Effects -- 2.3.5.Wind Load -- 2.3.6.Seismic Effects -- 2.3.7.Other Effects -- 2.4.Structural Design, Construction and Maintenance -- 2.4.1.Structural System -- 2.4.2.Design Consideration and Criteria of Suspension Bridges -- 2.4.3.Construction of Suspension Bridges -- 2.4.4.Life-cycle Maintenance and Inspection of Suspension Bridges -- 2.5.The Tsing Ma Suspension Bridge in Hong Kong -- 2.5.1.Background -- 2.5.2.Structural System -- 2.5.3.Design Considerations and Criteria -- 2.6.References -- ch. 3 Structural Health Monitoring Systems -- 3.1.Preview -- 3.2.Design of Health Monitoring Systems -- 3.3.Sensors and Sensing Technology -- 3.3.1.Wind Measurement Sensors -- 3.3.2.Seismic Sensors -- 3.3.3.Weigh-in-motion Stations -- 3.3.4.Thermometers -- 3.3.5.Strain Gauges -- 3.3.6.Displacement Measurement Sensors -- 3.3.7.Accelerometers -- 3.3.8.Weather Stations -- 3.3.9.Fibre Optic Sensors -- 3.3.10.Others -- 3.4.Data Acquisition and Transmission System -- 3.4.1.Configuration of DATS -- 3.4.2.Hardware of DAUs -- 3.4.3.Network and Communication -- 3.4.4.Operation of Data Acquisition and Transmission -- 3.5.Data Processing and Control System -- 3.5.1.Data Acquisition Control -- 3.5.2.Signal Pre-processing -- 3.5.3.Signal Post-processing and Analysis -- 3.6.Data Management System -- 3.6.1.Components and Functions of Data Management System -- 3.6.2.Maintenance of Data Management System -- 3.7.Wireless Sensor and Wireless Monitoring -- 3.7.1.Overview of Wireless Sensors -- 3.7.2.Basic Architectures and Features of Wireless Sensors -- 3.7.3.Challenges in Wireless Monitoring -- 3.8.The Structural Health Monitoring System of the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 3.8.1.Overview of WASHMS -- 3.8.2.Anemometers in WASHMS -- 3.8.3.Temperature Sensors in WASHMS -- 3.8.4.Displacement Transducers in WASHMS -- 3.8.5.Level Sensing Stations in WASHMS -- 3.8.6.Global Positioning System in WASHMS -- 3.8.7.Strain Gauges in WASHMS -- 3.8.8.Accelerometers in WASHMS -- 3.8.9.Weigh-in-motion Stations in WASHMS -- 3.9.References -- 3.10.Notations -- ch. 4 Structural Health Monitoring Oriented Modelling -- 4.1.Preview -- 4.2.Modelling Technology -- 4.2.1.Theoretical Background -- 4.2.2.Spine Beam Model -- 4.2.3.Hybrid Model -- 4.2.4.Modelling of Cables -- 4.3.System Identification -- 4.3.1.Input-output Modal Identification Methods -- 4.3.2.Output-only Modal Identification Methods -- 4.4.Model Updating -- 4.4.1.Overview -- 4.4.2.Objective Functions and Constraints -- 4.4.3.Parameters for Updating -- 4.4.4.Optimization Algorithms -- 4.5.SHM-oriented Finite Element Model of the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 4.5.1.Modelling of the Bridge -- 4.5.2.Ambient Vibration Test of the Bridge -- 4.5.3.Sensitivity-based Model Updating of the Bridge -- 4.6.References -- 4.7.Notations -- ch. 5 Monitoring of Railway Loading Effects -- 5.1.Preview -- 5.2.Railway Monitoring System -- 5.3.Monitoring of Railway Traffic Condition and Load Distribution -- 5.4.Dynamic Interaction of Long-span Suspension Bridges with Trains -- 5.4.1.Vehicle Model -- 5.4.2.Bridge Model -- 5.4.3.Wheel and Rail Interaction -- 5.4.4.Numerical Solution -- 5.4.5.Stress Analysis -- 5.5.Monitoring of Railway Loading Effects on the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 5.5.1.Monitoring of Railway Traffic Condition -- 5.5.2.Monitoring of Railway Loading -- 5.5.3.Monitoring of Railway Loading Effects on Bridge Displacements -- 5.5.4.Monitoring of Railway Loading Effects on Bridge Accelerations -- 5.6.Summary -- 5.7.References -- 5.8.Notations -- ch. 6 Monitoring of Highway Loading Effects -- 6.1.Preview -- 6.2.Highway Monitoring System -- 6.3.Monitoring of Highway Traffic Condition and Load Distribution -- 6.4.Dynamic Interaction of Long-span Suspension Bridges with Road Vehicles -- 6.4.1.Modelling of Road Vehicles -- 6.4.2.Modelling of Bridge -- 6.4.3.Modelling of Road Surface Roughness -- 6.4.4.Principle of Computerized Approach -- 6.4.5.Equations of Motion of Coupled Vehicle-bridge System -- 6.4.6.An Example -- 6.5.Monitoring of Highway Loading Effects on the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 6.5.1.Data Processing -- 6.5.2.Monitoring of Highway Traffic Condition -- 6.5.3.Monitoring of Highway Loading Distribution -- 6.5.4.Highway Loading Spectrum -- 6.5.5.Strain Analysis and Fatigue Evaluation -- 6.6.Summary -- 6.7.References -- 6.8.Notations -- ch. 7 Monitoring of Temperature Effects -- 7.1.Preview -- 7.2.Temperature Monitoring -- 7.3.Heat-transfer Analysis -- 7.3.1.General Formulation -- 7.3.2.Thermal Boundary Conditions -- 7.3.3.Solar Radiation -- 7.3.4.Equivalent Temperature -- 7.4.Temperature Effects on Long-span Suspension Bridges -- 7.4.1.Temperature Effects on Static Behaviour of Bridges -- 7.4.2.Temperature Effects on Dynamic Behaviour of Bridges -- 7.5.Monitoring of Temperature Effects on the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 7.5.1.Temperature Sensors in the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 7.5.2.Heat-transfer Analysis of the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 7.5.3.Temperature Distribution of the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 7.5.4.Temperature-induced Displacement of the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 7.5.5.Temperature-induced Stress of the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 7.5.6.Temperature Effect on Vibration Properties of the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 7.6.Summary -- 7.7.References -- 7.8.Notations -- ch. 8 Monitoring of Wind Effects -- 8.1.Preview -- 8.2.Wind Monitoring System -- 8.3.Monitoring of Boundary Layer Wind Environment -- 8.3.1.Stationary Wind Model -- 8.3.2.Non-stationary Wind Model -- 8.3.3.Time Varying Mean Wind Speed -- 8.4.Wind Effects on Long-span Suspension Bridges -- 8.4.1.Buffeting Analysis of Long-span Suspension Bridges -- 8.4.2.Flutter Analysis of Long-span Suspension Bridges -- 8.4.3.Vortex Shedding Analysis of Long-span Suspension Bridges -- 8.5.Monitoring of Wind Effects on the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 8.5.1.Monitoring of Wind Environment -- 8.5.2.Monitoring of Bridge Displacements -- 8.5.3.Wind-resistant Performance Assessment of Bridge -- 8.6.Summary -- 8.7.References -- 8.8.Notations -- ch. 9 Monitoring of Seismic Effects -- 9.1.Preview -- 9.2.Seismic Monitoring System -- 9.3.Conditional Simulation of Seismic Ground Motions -- 9.3.1.Ground Motion Simulation -- 9.3.2.Conditional Simulation of Seismic Ground Motion -- 9.3.3.Procedure for Conditional Simulation of Seismic Ground Motion -- 9.4.Multiple-support Seismic Analysis of Long-span Suspension Bridges -- 9.4.1.Equations of Motion for Multiple-support Seismic Analysis -- 9.4.2.Relative Motion Method -- 9.4.3.Large Mass Method -- 9.4.4.Remarks on Two Methods -- 9.5.Monitoring of Seismic Effects on the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 9.5.1.The Tsing Ma Bridge and Earthquake Record -- 9.5.2.Conditional Simulation of Ground Motion -- 9.5.3.Seismic Response of the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 9.6.Summary -- 9.7.References -- 9.8.Notations -- ch. 10 Monitoring of Other Effects -- 10.1.Preview -- 10.2.Corrosion Monitoring -- 10.2.1.Measurement Methods -- 10.2.2.Corrosion Sensors -- 10.2.3.Theoretical Models of Chloride Penetration -- 10.3.Ship Collision Effects -- 10.3.1.Introduction -- 10.3.2.Preventive Measures -- 10.3.3.Design and Analysis of Ship-collision -- 10.4.Scour Monitoring -- 10.4.1.Introduction -- 10.4.2.Scour Monitoring Equipment -- 10.4.3.Preventive Measures -- 10.5.References -- 10.6.Notations -- ch. 11 Structural Damage Detection -- 11.1.Preview -- 11.2.General Concepts of Structural Damage Detection -- 11.3.Non-destructive Testing Methods -- 11.3.1.Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method -- 11.3.2.Impact-echo / Impulse-response Methods -- 11.3.3.Acoustic Emission Method -- 11.3.4.Radiographic Method -- 11.3.5.Eddy Current Method -- 11.3.6.Infrared Thermographic Method -- 11.4.Vibration-based Damage Detection Methods -- 11.4.1.Overview of Vibration-based Damage Detection Methods -- 11.4.2.Frequency Changes -- 11.4.3.Mode Shape Changes -- 11.4.4.Modal Damping Changes -- 11.4.5.FRF Changes -- 11.4.6.Mode Shape Curvature Changes -- 11.4.7.Modal Strain Energy Changes -- 11.4.8.Flexibility Changes -- 11.4.9.Comparison Studies -- 11.4.10.Challenges in Vibration Based Damage Detection Methods -- 11.5.Damage Detection Methods with Consideration of Uncertainties -- 11.5.1.Uncertainties in Damage Detection -- 11.5.2.Perturbation Approach -- 11.5.3.Bayesian Approach -- 11.5.4.Statistical Pattern Recognition -- 11.5.5.Monte Carlo Simulation -- 11.6.Summary -- 11.7.References -- 11.8.Notations -- ch. 12 Bridge Rating System -- 12.1.Preview -- 12.2.Long-span Suspension Bridge Rating Methods -- 12.2.1.Current Status of Bridge Rating -- 12.2.2.Formation of a Hierarchical Structure -- 12.2.3.Determination of Relative Weights for Each Level -- 12.2.4.Fuzzy Synthetic Ratings for Criticality and Vulnerability -- 12.2.5.Fuzzy Synthetic Decision for Inspection -- 12.3.Criticality and Vulnerability Factors -- 12.3.1.Criticality Factors -- 12.3.2.Vulnerability Factors -- 12.4.Criticality and Vulnerability Analyses -- 12.4.1.Structural Component Classification -- 12.4.2.Criticality Analysis -- 12.4.3.Vulnerability Analysis -- 12.5.Bridge Rating System for the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 12.5.1.Relative Weights -- 12.5.2.Time Intervals for Inspection -- 12.5.3.Decision for Inspection -- 12.6.Summary -- 12.7.References -- 12.8.Notations -- ch. 13 Establishment of Test-beds -- 13.1.Preview -- 13.2.Necessity of Establishing Test-beds -- 13.3.Design Principles of Test-bed -- 13.4.Physical Model Design and Setup -- 13.4.1.Brief Description of the Tsing Ma Bridge -- 13.4.2.Geometric Scale and Shake Table -- 13.4.3.Bridge Towers and Piers -- 13.4.4.Bridge Deck -- 13.4.5.Bridge Cables and Suspenders -- and Contents note continued: 13.5.Geometric Measurements and Modal Tests -- 13.5.1.Geometric Measurements and Results -- 13.5.2.Modal Tests and Results -- 13.6.Establishment of Finite Element Model -- 13.6.1.Modelling of Bridge Towers and Piers -- 13.6.2.Modelling of Bridge Deck -- 13.6.3.Modelling of Cables and Suspenders -- 13.6.4.Modelling of Supports and Restraints -- 13.6.5.Correlation Analysis -- 13.7.Finite Element Model Updating -- 13.7.1.Parameters for Updating -- 13.7.2.Objective Functions -- 13.7.3.Updating Results -- 13.8.Summary -- 13.9.References -- 13.10.Notations -- ch. 14 Epilogue: Challenges and Prospects -- 14.1.Challenges -- 14.1.1.Durability and Optimization of the Sensor Network -- 14.1.2.Novel Damage Detection Methods -- 14.1.3.Advanced Computational Simulation -- 14.1.4.Bridge Rating and Life-cycle Management -- 14.2.Prospects.
Subject(s)
ISBN
9780203839669 (electronic bk.)
9781136886218 (electronic bk.)
1136886214 (electronic bk.)
Note
AVAILABLE ONLINE TO AUTHORIZED PSU USERS.
Bibliography Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Technical Details
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Source of Acquisition
Online copy: Purchased with funds from the J. Harvey Fahnestock Endowment for Scientific, Engineering and Rare Books; 2011.
Endowment Note
J. Harvey Fahnestock Endowment for Scientific, Engineering and Rare Books
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