Theories of personality / Richard M. Ryckman
- Author
- Ryckman, Richard M.
- Published
- Australia ; Belmont, CA : Wadworth Cengage Learning, [2013]
- Copyright Date
- ©2013
- Edition
- 10th ed.
- Physical Description
- xix, 524 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm
- Contents
- Machine generated contents note: pt. ONE An Introduction to the Discipline -- ch. 1 Personality and the Scientific Outlook -- Why Study Personality? -- Defining Personality -- The Scientific Study of Personality -- Building Scientific Theories -- Inductive versus Deductive Approaches -- The Establishment of Laws -- Testing the Theories: Research Methods -- Experimental Method -- Correlational Method -- Case-Study Method -- Criteria for Evaluating Scientific Theories -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- pt. TWO Psychoanalytic and Neoanalytic Perspectives -- ch. 2 Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- The Role of Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious Forces in Personality -- Instincts: The Driving Forces in Personality -- Structural Theory of Personality and Its Dynamics -- Defense Mechanisms -- Personality Development -- The Theory of Psychosexual Development -- Character Types -- Research Evidence for the Theory of Psychosexual Development -- Assessment Techniques -- Free Association -- Dream Analysis -- Transference -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 3 Jung's Analytical Psychology -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- The Psyche -- Archetypes -- The Theory of Psychological Types -- Research Evidence for the Theory of Psychological Types -- Personality Development -- Self-Realization -- Neurosis and Psychosis -- Assessment Techniques -- Dream Analysis -- Method of Amplification -- Word Association Test -- Painting Therapy -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 4 Adler's Individual Psychology -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- The Struggle for Perfection -- Creative Evolution and Social Interest -- Feelings of Inferiority and the Striving for Superiority -- Style of Life and the Creative Self -- Personality Development -- Three Basic Developmental Problems of Life -- Parental Influence in Early Childhood -- Birth Order -- Birth Order Research Evidence -- Development of a Destructive Lifestyle -- Development of a Constructive Lifestyle -- Adler's Four Major Lifestyle Types -- Assessment Techniques -- Early Recollections -- Dream Analysis -- Birth-Order Analysis -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 5 Horney's Social and Cultural Psychoanalysis -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Hypercompetitiveness: A Major Form of Neurotic Competitiveness -- Competition Avoidance: The Other Major Form of Neurotic Competitiveness -- Personal Development Competitiveness: Competing in a Psychologically Healthy Way -- The Etiology of Neuroses in the Family -- The Use of Neurotic Strategies to Cope with Feelings of Basic Anxiety -- The Three Basic Neurotic Trends -- The Basic Conflict in Neurosis -- Personality Development -- Horney's Critique of Freud -- Do Women Really Want to Be Men? -- Horney's Humanistic View of Development -- Empirical Evidence: Irrational Beliefs and Psychopathology -- Assessment Techniques -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 6 Erikson's Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Ego Psychology: Liberalizing the Psychoanalytic Position -- The Epigenetic Principle -- Personality Development -- The Stages of Ego Development -- Research Support for the Theory of Ego Development -- Assessment Techniques -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 7 Kohut's Self Psychology -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Self Psychology: The Newest Development in Classical Psychoanalysis -- Self Psychology as Object-Relations Theory -- Personality Development -- Pre-Oedipal Development of the Nuclear Self -- Pre-Oedipal Development: The Oral and Anal Stages -- Oedipal Development: The Phallic Stage -- Post-Oedipal Development: The Latency and Genital Stages -- Disturbances to the Self -- Typology for Narcissistic Personality and Behavior Disorders -- The Role of Narcissism in the Development of the Self -- Research Support for the Theory of Self Development -- Assessment Techniques -- Empathy as the Primary Data Collection Tool -- Free Association -- Dream Analysis -- Transference -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- pt. THREE Trait Perspectives -- ch. 8 Allport's Trait Theory -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- A Humanistic View of Personality -- The Theory of Traits -- What Is a Trait? -- Personality Development -- The Proprium, or Self -- Development of the Mature Personality -- Functional Autonomy -- Characteristics of Maturity -- The Role of Religion as a Unifying Philosophy of Life -- Limitations of Allport's Views on Religiosity Differences -- Study of Values -- Assessment Techniques -- Idiographic versus Nomothetic Approach -- An Idiographic Analysis -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 9 Cattell's Structure-Based Systems Theory -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Approach to Theory Building -- Methodology: Factor Analysis -- Defining Personality -- Classifying Traits -- Major Source Traits or Primary Factors -- Research with the 16 PF -- Major Global or Second-Order Factors -- The Major Abnormal Traits -- Dynamic Traits and the Dynamic Lattice -- The Econetic Model -- Dynamic Calculus -- Personality Development -- `The Role of Heredity and Environment -- The Role of Learning -- Theory of Abnormal Development -- Assessment Techniques -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Beyondism: A New Morality Based on Science -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 10 Eysenck's Biological Typology -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Identifying and Measuring the Main Dimensions of Personality -- An Update on the Association Between Dopamine Levels and Creativity -- Inhibition Theory -- Arousal Theory -- Personality Development -- The Role of Heredity -- The Role of Socialization -- Intelligence, Heredity, and Social Policy -- Assessment Techniques -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Acquisition of Neurotic Behavior Through Classical Conditioning -- Elimination of Neurotic Behavior Through Counterconditioning -- Use of Behavior Therapy to Eliminate Disorders -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- pt. FOUR Cognitive Perspectives -- ch. 11 Kelly's Theory of Personal Constructs -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Constructive Alternativism -- Every Person as Scientist -- The Nature of Constructs and Construing -- Additional Characteristics of Constructs -- The Fundamental Postulate and Its Corollaries -- Personality Development -- Assessment Techniques -- The Role Construct Repertory Test -- Research Applications of the RCRT -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- The Role of the Therapist -- The Therapeutic Conference and Role Playing -- Self-Characterization Sketches and Fixed-Role Therapy -- Assessment and Treatment of Schizophrenics -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- pt. FIVE Humanistic/Existential Perspectives -- ch. 12 Maslow's Self-Actualization Position -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Humanistic Biology and Self-Actualization -- The Hierarchy of Human Needs -- B-Cognition and Actualization -- Characteristics of Self-Actualizing People -- Personality Development -- Assessment Techniques -- Identifying Self-Actualizers -- The Personal Orientation Inventory -- Research Applications of the POI -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 13 Rogers's Person-Centered Theory -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- The Fundamental Perspective: The Person's Experiences as the Ultimate Authority -- The Master Motive: Self-Actualizing Tendency -- Personality Development -- The Valuing Process in Infants -- The Valuing Process in Adults -- The Fully Functioning Person -- The Social Self and the True Self -- Empirical Support for the Self Theory -- Assessment Techniques -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Therapeutic Conditions That Facilitate Growth -- Empirical Support for the Theory of Therapy -- Theory's Implications For Education -- Theory's Implications for Marriage -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 14 May's Existential-Analytic Position -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- What Is Existentialism? -- Existentialism and Psychoanalysis -- Three Modes of Being-in-the-World -- Values Disintegration in Modern Society and the Loss of Our Moral Compass -- Emptiness and Loneliness -- The Emergence of Anxiety -- The Expansion of Consciousness -- Personality Development -- Assessment Techniques -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- The Goal of Therapy -- The Case of Mrs. Hutchens -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- pt. SIX Social-Behavioristic Perspectives -- ch. 15 Skinner's Operant Analysis -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Scientific Behaviorism -- Free Will versus Determinism -- Personality from the Perspective of a Radical Behaviorist -- Operant Conditioning -- Personality Development -- A Schedule-of-Reinforcement Approach -- The Development of Normal and Abnormal Personalities -- and Contents note continued: Assessment Techniques -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Psychopathology and Behavior Modification -- Reinforcement Contingencies -- Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) -- Self-Management Strategies -- Theory's Implications for Education -- Theory's Implications for Society -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 16 Rotter's Expectancy-Reinforcement Value Model -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Motivation -- Social-Learning Concepts -- Personality Development -- Assessment Techniques -- Internal/External Control and the I-E Scale -- Research on I-E -- Limitations of the Current View of Locus of Control -- The Ideal Person: A Blend of Internal and External Orientations -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- ch. 17 Bandura's Social-Cognitive Theory -- Biographical Sketch -- Concepts and Principles -- Assumptions of the Social-Cognitive Approach -- Modeling Theory -- Aggression and Violence in Films, Television, and Video Games -- Research Evidence for Aggression and Violence in Our Society -- Efficacy Expectations -- Research on Self-Efficacy -- Personality Development -- Assessment Techniques -- Theory's Implications for Therapy -- Modeling of Others as a Therapeutic Technique -- Self-Modeling as a Therapeutic Technique -- Efficacy Expectations and Fear Reduction -- Evaluative Comments -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings -- pt. SEVEN The Role of the Grand Personality Theories in Contemporary Personality Psychology -- ch. 18 Theory and Research in Contemporary Personality Psychology -- Heuristic Value of the Grand Theories in Five Important Areas -- Area 1 A Focus on Biological Contributions to Personality -- Area 2 The Need for a Multicultural Perspective on Personality -- Area 3 The Use of the Big Five Super-Traits to Increase Our Understanding of Personality -- Area 4 The Role of Positive Psychology in Promoting Strengths and Virtues in Personality -- Area 5 Increasing Understanding of Personality Differences Through Analyses of Internet Use -- The Future of Personality Psychology -- Critical Thinking Questions -- Glossary -- Suggested Readings.
- Subject(s)
- ISBN
- 9781111830663
1111830665
9781111834517 (loose-leaf ed.)
1111834512 (loose-leaf ed.) - Bibliography Note
- Includes bibliographical references (pages 473-505) and indexes.
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