Africa's water and sanitation infrastructure [electronic resource] : access, affordability, and alternatives / editors, Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee, Elvira Morella
- Published
- Washington, D.C. : World Bank, [2011]
- Copyright Date
- ©2011
- Physical Description
- 1 online resource (xxix, 401 pages) : illustrations
- Additional Creators
- Banerjee, Sudeshna Ghosh, 1973-, Morella, Elvira, 1976-, and World Bank
Access Online
- Series
- Contents
- Machine generated contents note: A Timely Synthesis -- Data Sources and Methodologies -- Key Finding 1: Wide Differences in Patterns of Access to Water -- Key Finding 2: Equally Wide Differences in Patterns of Access to Sanitation -- Key Finding 3: High Costs, High Tariffs, and Regressive Subsidies -- Key Finding 4: The Stark Challenge of Financing the MDG -- Key Finding 5: Institutional Reform for Better Water Sector Performance -- A Multidimensional Snapshot of WSS in Africa -- Annex 1.1 Surveys in the AICD DHS/MICS Survey Database -- Annex 1.2 Surveys in the AICD Expenditure Survey Database -- Annex 1.3 Introducing a Country Typology -- Notes -- Bibliography -- The Importance of Wells and Boreholes in Water Supply -- Low Access to Piped Water... for Various Reasons -- Multiple Players in the Urban Water Market -- The Role of Wells, Boreholes, and Surface Water in the Rural Water Market -- Steep Growth of Wells and Boreholes as Sources of Water -- Notes -- References -- The Predominance of On-Site and Traditional Pit Latrines -- The Sanitation Challenge across Countries -- Steep Increases in the Use of Traditional Pit Latrines -- Good Progress in a Handful of Countries -- References -- The Heterogeneity of the Urban Water Market -- Varied Institutional Models for Nonpiped Services in the Urban Water Market -- Many Levels of Government Players in the Rural Water Market -- Many Players with No Clear Accountability in the Sanitation Market -- Notes -- References -- Access to Utility Water -- The Pace of Expansion of Utility Water Coverage -- Water Production Capacity Varies from Country to Country -- Two-Part Tariff Structures for Piped Water -- Sewerage Charges Linked to Water Bills -- Modest Water Consumption by End Users -- Substantial Water Losses in Distribution System -- Difference in Quality of Service among Country Groups -- Technical Efficiency and Effective Management of Operations -- Financial Efficiency and the Alignment of Operations and Finances -- The High Cost of Inefficiencies in Operations and Pricing -- The Role of Institutions in Improving Performance -- Annex 5.1 Utilities in the AICD WSS Database -- Notes -- References -- Average Monthly Spending on Water -- Wide Price Variations among Service Providers in the Urban Water Market -- Two-Part Tariffs and the Small Consumer -- Paying for Water: How Common? -- Recovering Operating Costs: Affordable -- The High Cost of Connecting to Water and Sanitation Services -- The Cost of Subsidizing Capital and Operating Expenses -- Poor Targeting of Utility Subsidies -- Connection Subsidies as a Viable Alternative -- Annex 6.1 Methodology for Estimating the Annual Gross Profit and the Annual Cross-Subsidy between Household Consumers and Standpipes Captured by Standpipe Operators in a City -- Notes -- References -- The Challenge of Expanding Coverage -- The Unit Cost of Service Provision across Countries -- To Close the MDG Coverage Gap -- Annex 7.1 Unit Cost Matrix Model: A Methodology for Estimating Nonstandardized Unit Costs of Network Assets -- Annex 7.2 Methodology for Quantifying Rehabilitation and O&M Needs -- Notes -- References -- Current Spending on Water and Sanitation -- Poor Budget Execution by the WSS Sector -- Even after Efficiency Savings, a Persistent Funding Gap -- Limited Scope for Raising Additional Finance -- Promising Ways to Increase Funds -- Other Ways to Reach the MDG -- Notes -- References -- Policy Options for the Water Sector -- Policy Options for the Sanitation Sector -- Reference.
- Summary
- The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) have called attention to deficiencies in the quantity and quality of water supply and sanitation (WSS) globally. Although most of the world is on track to meet the MDG drinking water target, Africa lags behind. Only 58 percent of the population enjoys access to safe drinking water. According to projections, 300 million more peopleùalmost 38 percent of the region's population, or half the number of people who currently have access to improved waterùwill need to be covered to meet the MDG target. Similarly, more than 2.5 billion people remain without improved sanitation worldwide; of that total, 22 percent, corresponding to more than half a billion people, lives in Africa. With the MDG deadline fast approaching, it is essential to take stock of the WSS sectors in Africa, analyze their achievements and shortcomings, and identify the sector characteristics that either advance or inhibit the population's ability to access service.
Africa's Water and Sanitation InfrastructureùAccess, Affordability, and Alternatives integrates a wealth of primary and secondary information to present a quantitative snapshot of the state of the WSS sectors in Africa. It explains the sectoral institutional structures and utility performance and articulates the volume and quality of financing available over time. The authors also evaluate the challenges to the WSS sectors and explore the factors that govern the expansion of coverage over time. Finally, the authors estimate spending needs for WSS, arriving at a funding gap for meeting the MDGs. The proposed directions for the future draw on lessons learned from best practices and present the menu of choices available to African countries, bearing in mind that the challenges differ to a significant extent among countries and solutions must be tailored to national or regional conditions. --Book Jacket. - Subject(s)
- ISBN
- 9780821386187 (eISBN)
0821386182 (eISBN) - Note
- AVAILABLE ONLINE TO AUTHORIZED PSU USERS.
- Bibliography Note
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
View MARC record | catkey: 8874803